ὅσπερ
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From ὅς (hós) + περ (per).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /hós.per/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)os.per/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈos.per/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈos.per/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈos.per/
Pronoun
ὅσπερ • (hósper)
- the very man who, the very thing which
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.524
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.101
- (used after adjectives of resemblance)
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.42
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1499
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.4.34
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.74
- (several cases are used absolutely)
- (ὅπερ) wherefore
- 100 BCE – 1 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Library 13.18
- 50 CE – 250 CE, Apollonius Dyscolus, On Pronouns 103.7
- (ἅπερ) as, like
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 381
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 131
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 660
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 168
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 175
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 5.1.18
- (οὗπερ)
- (ᾗπερ) which way, where, whither
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.41
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.33
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.5.10
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.30
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.286
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 440
- 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 364
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.310
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.8.2
- (logic, ὅπερ ἐστί, ὅπερ ἦν, used to denote the essence)
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Categories 3B.36
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Categories 6A.39
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Topics 120B.23
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Topics 116A.27
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1153B.6
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Posterior Analytics 83A.24
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Metaphysics 1030A.3
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Posterior Analytics 89A.35
- (ὅπερ) wherefore
Inflection
Irregular declension of ὅσπερ; ἥπερ; ὅπερ (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | ὅσπερ hósper | ἥπερ hḗper | ὅπερ hóper | ὥπερ hṓper | ᾱ̔́περ hā́per | ὥπερ hṓper | οἵπερ hoíper | αἵπερ haíper | ᾰ̔́περ háper | |||||
Genitive | οὗπερ hoûper | ἧσπερ hêsper | οὗπερ hoûper | οἷνπερ hoînper | αἷνπερ haînper | οἷνπερ hoînper | ὧνπερ hônper | ὧνπερ hônper | ὧνπερ hônper | |||||
Dative | ᾧπερ hôiper | ᾗπερ hêiper | ᾧπερ hôiper | οἷνπερ hoînper | αἷνπερ haînper | οἷνπερ hoînper | οἷσπερ hoîsper | αἷσπερ haîsper | οἷσπερ hoîsper | |||||
Accusative | ὅνπερ hónper | ἥνπερ hḗnper | ὅπερ hóper | ὥπερ hṓper | ᾱ̔́περ hā́per | ὥπερ hṓper | οὕσπερ hoúsper | ᾱ̔́σπερ hā́sper | ᾰ̔́περ háper | |||||
Vocative | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
Notes: |
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References
- “ὅσπερ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ὅσπερ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ὅσπερ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ὅσπερ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- “ὅσπερ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3746 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- which idem, page 976.
- who idem, page 977.