ἶρις

ἶρις

See also: ίρις and Ἶρις

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Presuming an earlier form *ϝῖρις (*wîris), then from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁i- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). Cognates include English wire, Swedish vira (“to twist”), Latin vieō (“weave together”), Welsh gŵyr (“bent”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /îː.ris/ → /ˈi.ris/ → /ˈi.ris/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /îː.ris/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ris/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ris/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ris/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈi.ris/

Noun

ἶρις • (îris) f (genitive ῑ̓́ρῐδος); third declension

1. rainbow
2. halo
3. various species of the genus Iris

Declension

Third declension of ἡ ἶρῐς; τῆς ῑ̓́ρῐδος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ἶρῐς hē îris	τὼ ῑ̓́ρῐδε tṑ ī́ride	αἱ ῑ̓́ρῐδες hai ī́rides
Genitive	τῆς ῑ̓́ρῐδος tês ī́ridos	τοῖν ῑ̓ρῐ́δοιν toîn īrídoin	τῶν ῑ̓ρῐ́δων tôn īrídōn
Dative	τῇ ῑ̓́ρῐδῐ têi ī́ridi	τοῖν ῑ̓ρῐ́δοιν toîn īrídoin	ταῖς ῑ̓́ρῐσῐ / ῑ̓́ρῐσῐν taîs ī́risi(n)
Accusative	τὴν ῑ̓́ρῐδᾰ tḕn ī́rida	τὼ ῑ̓́ρῐδε tṑ ī́ride	τᾱ̀ς ῑ̓́ρῐδᾰς tā̀s ī́ridas
Vocative	ἶρῐς îris	ῑ̓́ρῐδε ī́ride	ῑ̓́ρῐδες ī́rides
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds.

Derived terms

• ἴρινος (írinos)

Further reading

• ἶρις in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• ἶρις in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • Iris idem, page 1014.
  • bow idem, page 91.
  • rain-bow idem, page 669.

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Greek

Noun

ἶρις • (ἶris)

1. Polytonic spelling of ίρις (íris)