ἔλαφος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *éləpʰos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éln̥bʰos, from *h₁el- (“deer”). Compare ἐλλός (ellós, “young deer”), Lithuanian elnias (“deer, stag, hart”), Russian оле́нь (olénʹ, “deer”), Russian лось (losʹ, “elk”), Old Armenian եղն (ełn, “hind”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /é.la.pʰos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈe.la.pʰos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.la.ɸos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.la.fos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.la.fos/

Noun

ἔλᾰφος • (élaphos) m or f (genitive ἐλᾰ́φου); second declension

red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ, ἡ ἔλᾰφος; τοῦ, τῆς ἐλᾰ́φου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ ἔλᾰφος ho, hē élaphos	τὼ ἐλᾰ́φω tṑ eláphō	οἱ, αἱ ἔλᾰφοι hoi, hai élaphoi
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς ἐλᾰ́φου toû, tês eláphou	τοῖν ἐλᾰ́φοιν toîn eláphoin	τῶν ἐλᾰ́φων tôn eláphōn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ ἐλᾰ́φῳ tôi, têi eláphōi	τοῖν ἐλᾰ́φοιν toîn eláphoin	τοῖς, ταῖς ἐλᾰ́φοις toîs, taîs eláphois
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν ἔλᾰφον tòn, tḕn élaphon	τὼ ἐλᾰ́φω tṑ eláphō	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς ἐλᾰ́φους toùs, tā̀s eláphous
Vocative	ἔλᾰφε élaphe	ἐλᾰ́φω eláphō	ἔλᾰφοι élaphoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of ἔλᾰφος; ἐλᾰ́φου (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἔλᾰφος élaphos	ἐλᾰ́φω eláphō	ἔλᾰφοι élaphoi
Genitive	ἐλᾰ́φου / ἐλᾰφοῖο / ἐλᾰ́φοιο / ἐλᾰφόο / ἐλᾰ́φοο eláphou / elaphoîo / eláphoio / elaphóo / eláphoo	ἐλᾰ́φοιῐν eláphoiin	ἐλᾰ́φων eláphōn
Dative	ἐλᾰ́φῳ eláphōi	ἐλᾰ́φοιῐν eláphoiin	ἐλᾰ́φοισῐ / ἐλᾰ́φοισῐν / ἐλᾰ́φοις eláphoisi(n) / eláphois
Accusative	ἔλᾰφον élaphon	ἐλᾰ́φω eláphō	ἐλᾰ́φους eláphous
Vocative	ἔλᾰφε élaphe	ἐλᾰ́φω eláphō	ἔλᾰφοι élaphoi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

ἐλᾰ́φῐνος (eláphinos)
ἐλᾰφόβοσκον (elaphóboskon)
τρᾰγέλᾰφος (tragélaphos)

Descendants

Greek: ελάφι n (eláfi)
→ Latin: elaphus m (“deer”)
→ Translingual: Elaphus

References

“ἔλαφος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἔλαφος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἔλαφος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἔλαφος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἔλαφος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἔλαφος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
“ἔλαφος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 203
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN