ἐσθλός
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- ἐσλός (eslós) – Doric
- ἔσλος (éslos) – Aeolic
- ἑσλός (heslós) – Arcadocypriot
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be, exist”), and thus cognate with εἰμί (eimí, “to be”), οὐσία (ousía, “essence”), ἐτεός (eteós, “true”); yet another possibility is perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-, zero-grade form of *h₁esu- (“good”), from which ἐΰς (eǘs, “good”) and adverbial εὖ (eû, “well”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /es.tʰlós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /esˈtʰlos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /esˈθlos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /esˈθlos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /esˈθlos/
Adjective
ἐσθλός • (esthlós) m (feminine ἐσθλή, neuter ἐσθλόν); first/second declension
- (poetic) good
- (of a person)
- good at fighting, soldierly, warlike, brave
- worthy, serviceable, skilled
- morally good, faithful, showing good judgement
- (of things or abstractions) good, excellent, fine, helpful, useful
- (of a person)
Inflection
First and second declension of ἐσθλός; ἐσθλή; ἐσθλόν (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | ἐσθλός esthlós | ἐσθλή esthlḗ | ἐσθλόν esthlón | ἐσθλώ esthlṓ | ἐσθλᾱ́ esthlā́ | ἐσθλώ esthlṓ | ἐσθλοί esthloí | ἐσθλαί esthlaí | ἐσθλᾰ́ esthlá | |||||
Genitive | ἐσθλοῦ esthloû | ἐσθλῆς esthlês | ἐσθλοῦ esthloû | ἐσθλοῖν esthloîn | ἐσθλαῖν esthlaîn | ἐσθλοῖν esthloîn | ἐσθλῶν esthlôn | ἐσθλῶν esthlôn | ἐσθλῶν esthlôn | |||||
Dative | ἐσθλῷ esthlôi | ἐσθλῇ esthlêi | ἐσθλῷ esthlôi | ἐσθλοῖν esthloîn | ἐσθλαῖν esthlaîn | ἐσθλοῖν esthloîn | ἐσθλοῖς esthloîs | ἐσθλαῖς esthlaîs | ἐσθλοῖς esthloîs | |||||
Accusative | ἐσθλόν esthlón | ἐσθλήν esthlḗn | ἐσθλόν esthlón | ἐσθλώ esthlṓ | ἐσθλᾱ́ esthlā́ | ἐσθλώ esthlṓ | ἐσθλούς esthloús | ἐσθλᾱ́ς esthlā́s | ἐσθλᾰ́ esthlá | |||||
Vocative | ἐσθλέ esthlé | ἐσθλή esthlḗ | ἐσθλόν esthlón | ἐσθλώ esthlṓ | ἐσθλᾱ́ esthlā́ | ἐσθλώ esthlṓ | ἐσθλοί esthloí | ἐσθλαί esthlaí | ἐσθλᾰ́ esthlá | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ἐσθλῶς esthlôs | ἐσθλότερος esthlóteros | ἐσθλότᾰτος esthlótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Synonyms
- (good): ἀγαθός (agathós)
Further reading
- “ἐσθλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐσθλός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἐσθλός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἐσθλός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- gallant idem, page 352.
- geatleman idem, page 355.
- gentle idem, page 357.
- good idem, page 366.
- hero idem, page 397.
- high-born idem, page 400.
- honest idem, page 404.
- honourable idem, page 405.
- noble idem, page 559.
- patrician idem, page 599.
- well-born idem, page 974.
- Hoffmann, J.B. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Griechischen. Verlag von E. Oldenbourg. München 1950.