श्रमण
See also: शिरोमणि
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit श्रमण (śramaṇa).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /ʃɾə.məɳ/, [ʃɾə.mə̃ɳ]
Noun
श्रमण • (śramaṇ) m
- (Buddhism, Jainism) ascetic, monk
Declension
Declension of श्रमण (masc cons-stem)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | श्रमण śramaṇ | श्रमण śramaṇ |
| oblique | श्रमण śramaṇ | श्रमणों śramaṇõ |
| vocative | श्रमण śramaṇ | श्रमणो śramaṇo |
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “श्रमण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ᬰ᭄ᬭᬫᬡ (Balinese script)
- শ্ৰমণ (Assamese script)
- শ্রমণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰿𑰨𑰦𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑁆𑀭𑀫𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌶𑍍𑌰𑌮𑌣 (Grantha script)
- શ્રમણ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ੑਰਮਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦯꦿꦩꦟ (Javanese script)
- ឝ្រមណ (Khmer script)
- ಶ್ರಮಣ (Kannada script)
- ຨ຺ຣມຓ (Lao script)
- ശ്രമണ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘫𑘿𑘨𑘦𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠷᠠᠮᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᡧᡵᠠᠮᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- ၐြမဏ (Burmese script)
- 𑧋𑧠𑧈𑧆𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐞 (Newa script)
- ଶ୍ରମଣ (Oriya script)
- ꢯ꣄ꢬꢪꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑇀𑆫𑆩𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖿𑖨𑖦𑖜 (Siddham script)
- ශ්රමණ (Sinhalese script)
- శ్రమణ (Telugu script)
- ศฺรมณ (Thai script)
- ཤྲ་མ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑓂𑒩𑒧𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
Apparently from the root श्रम् (śram, “to be or become weary or tired, be tired of doing anything”), which however is mixed in meaning with शम् (śam, “to exert”).[1]
Adjective
श्रमण • (śramaṇá)
- making effort or exertion, toiling, labouring, (esp.) following a toilsome or menial business (W.)
- base, vile, bad (ib.)
- naked (L.)
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of श्रमण | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | श्रमणः (śramaṇaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | श्रमणस्य (śramaṇasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | श्रमणः (śramaṇaḥ) | श्रमणौ (śramaṇau) | श्रमणाः (śramaṇāḥ) |
| Vocative | श्रमण (śramaṇa) | श्रमणौ (śramaṇau) | श्रमणाः (śramaṇāḥ) |
| Accusative | श्रमणम् (śramaṇam) | श्रमणौ (śramaṇau) | श्रमणान् (śramaṇān) |
| Instrumental | श्रमणेन (śramaṇena) | श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām) | श्रमणैः (śramaṇaiḥ) |
| Dative | श्रमणाय (śramaṇāya) | श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām) | श्रमणेभ्यः (śramaṇebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | श्रमणात् (śramaṇāt) | श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām) | श्रमणेभ्यः (śramaṇebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | श्रमणस्य (śramaṇasya) | श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ) | श्रमणानाम् (śramaṇānām) |
| Locative | श्रमणे (śramaṇe) | श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ) | श्रमणेषु (śramaṇeṣu) |
| Feminine ā-stem declension of श्रमण | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | श्रमणा (śramaṇā) | ||
| Gen. sg. | श्रमणायाः (śramaṇāyāḥ) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | श्रमणा (śramaṇā) | श्रमणे (śramaṇe) | श्रमणाः (śramaṇāḥ) |
| Vocative | श्रमणे (śramaṇe) | श्रमणे (śramaṇe) | श्रमणाः (śramaṇāḥ) |
| Accusative | श्रमणाम् (śramaṇām) | श्रमणे (śramaṇe) | श्रमणाः (śramaṇāḥ) |
| Instrumental | श्रमणया (śramaṇayā) | श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām) | श्रमणाभिः (śramaṇābhiḥ) |
| Dative | श्रमणायै (śramaṇāyai) | श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām) | श्रमणाभ्यः (śramaṇābhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | श्रमणायाः (śramaṇāyāḥ) | श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām) | श्रमणाभ्यः (śramaṇābhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | श्रमणायाः (śramaṇāyāḥ) | श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ) | श्रमणानाम् (śramaṇānām) |
| Locative | श्रमणायाम् (śramaṇāyām) | श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ) | श्रमणासु (śramaṇāsu) |
| Feminine ī-stem declension of श्रमण | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | श्रमणी (śramaṇī) | ||
| Gen. sg. | श्रमण्याः (śramaṇyāḥ) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | श्रमणी (śramaṇī) | श्रमण्यौ (śramaṇyau) | श्रमण्यः (śramaṇyaḥ) |
| Vocative | श्रमणि (śramaṇi) | श्रमण्यौ (śramaṇyau) | श्रमण्यः (śramaṇyaḥ) |
| Accusative | श्रमणीम् (śramaṇīm) | श्रमण्यौ (śramaṇyau) | श्रमणीः (śramaṇīḥ) |
| Instrumental | श्रमण्या (śramaṇyā) | श्रमणीभ्याम् (śramaṇībhyām) | श्रमणीभिः (śramaṇībhiḥ) |
| Dative | श्रमण्यै (śramaṇyai) | श्रमणीभ्याम् (śramaṇībhyām) | श्रमणीभ्यः (śramaṇībhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | श्रमण्याः (śramaṇyāḥ) | श्रमणीभ्याम् (śramaṇībhyām) | श्रमणीभ्यः (śramaṇībhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | श्रमण्याः (śramaṇyāḥ) | श्रमण्योः (śramaṇyoḥ) | श्रमणीनाम् (śramaṇīnām) |
| Locative | श्रमण्याम् (śramaṇyām) | श्रमण्योः (śramaṇyoḥ) | श्रमणीषु (śramaṇīṣu) |
| Neuter a-stem declension of श्रमण | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | श्रमणम् (śramaṇam) | ||
| Gen. sg. | श्रमणस्य (śramaṇasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | श्रमणम् (śramaṇam) | श्रमणे (śramaṇe) | श्रमणानि (śramaṇāni) |
| Vocative | श्रमण (śramaṇa) | श्रमणे (śramaṇe) | श्रमणानि (śramaṇāni) |
| Accusative | श्रमणम् (śramaṇam) | श्रमणे (śramaṇe) | श्रमणानि (śramaṇāni) |
| Instrumental | श्रमणेन (śramaṇena) | श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām) | श्रमणैः (śramaṇaiḥ) |
| Dative | श्रमणाय (śramaṇāya) | श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām) | श्रमणेभ्यः (śramaṇebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | श्रमणात् (śramaṇāt) | श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām) | श्रमणेभ्यः (śramaṇebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | श्रमणस्य (śramaṇasya) | श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ) | श्रमणानाम् (śramaṇānām) |
| Locative | श्रमणे (śramaṇe) | श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ) | श्रमणेषु (śramaṇeṣu) |
Noun
श्रमण • (śramaṇá) m
- one who performs acts of mortification or austerity, an ascetic, monk, devotee, religious mendicant (ŚBr. etc.)
- a Buddhist monk or mendicant (also applied to Buddha himself compare MWB. 23 etc.; also applied to a Jain ascetic now commonly called yati) (MBh., R. etc.)
- name of a serpent-demon (Buddh.)
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of श्रमण | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | श्रमणः (śramaṇaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | श्रमणस्य (śramaṇasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | श्रमणः (śramaṇaḥ) | श्रमणौ (śramaṇau) | श्रमणाः (śramaṇāḥ) |
| Vocative | श्रमण (śramaṇa) | श्रमणौ (śramaṇau) | श्रमणाः (śramaṇāḥ) |
| Accusative | श्रमणम् (śramaṇam) | श्रमणौ (śramaṇau) | श्रमणान् (śramaṇān) |
| Instrumental | श्रमणेन (śramaṇena) | श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām) | श्रमणैः (śramaṇaiḥ) |
| Dative | श्रमणाय (śramaṇāya) | श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām) | श्रमणेभ्यः (śramaṇebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | श्रमणात् (śramaṇāt) | श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām) | श्रमणेभ्यः (śramaṇebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | श्रमणस्य (śramaṇasya) | श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ) | श्रमणानाम् (śramaṇānām) |
| Locative | श्रमणे (śramaṇe) | श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ) | श्रमणेषु (śramaṇeṣu) |
Descendants
- Gandhari: 𐨮𐨨𐨣 (ṣamana)
- Pali: samaṇa
- → Ancient Greek: Σαρμάναι (Sarmánai, “Sarmanae”), Σαμαναίοι (Samanaíoi, “Samanaeans”)
- → Proto-Tocharian: *ṣāmānä
- → Tocharian A: ṣāmaṃ
- → Middle Chinese: 沙門 (MC ʃˠa muən) (incertae sedis)
- → Tocharian B: ṣamāne
- → Tocharian A: ṣāmaṃ
- → Bengali: শ্রমণ (śrômôṇô)
- → Hindi: श्रमण (śramaṇ)
- → English: sramana
References
- Pali Text Society (1921-1925), “samaṇa”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
- Monier Williams (1899), “श्रमण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1096.