जीव
See also: जैव
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जीव (jīva). Doublet of जीउ (jīu) and जी (jī).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /d͡ʒiːʋ/
Noun
जीव • (jīv) m
- life
- Synonym: जीवन (jīvan)
- the soul; lifeforce
- Synonyms: प्राण (prāṇ), जान (jān)
- living creature
Declension
Declension of जीव (masc cons-stem)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | जीव jīv | जीव jīv |
| oblique | जीव jīv | जीवों jīvõ |
| vocative | जीव jīv | जीवो jīvo |
Derived terms
- जीवकोष (jīvkoṣ)
- जीव-रसायन (jīv-rasāyan)
- जीव-विज्ञान (jīv-vigyān, “biology”)
- जीव-वैज्ञानिक (jīv-vaigyānik, “biologist”)
- जीवसाधन (jīvsādhan)
- जीवहत्या (jīvhatyā)
- जीवहिंसा (jīvhinsā)
- जीवाणु (jīvāṇu, “microbe”)
Related terms
- सजीव (sajīv)
Konkani
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जीव (jīva). Doublet of जीवु (jīvu).
Noun
जीव • (jīv) (Latin script ziv, Kannada script ಜೀವ)
- life
Marathi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit जीव (jīva).
Noun
जीव • (jīv) m
- life
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative forms
- jīva (Latin script)
- 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- জীৰ (Bengali script)
- ජීව (Sinhalese script)
- ဇီဝ or ဇဳဝ or ၹီဝ (Burmese script)
- ชีว or ชีวะ (Thai script)
- ᨩᩦᩅ (Tai Tham script)
- ຊີວ or ຊີວະ (Lao script)
- ជីវ (Khmer script)
Adjective
जीव
- Devanagari script form of jīva (“living”)
Declension
Declension table of "जीव" (masculine)
| Case \\ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | जीवो (jīvo) | जीवा (jīvā) |
| Accusative (second) | जीवं (jīvaṃ) | जीवे (jīve) |
| Instrumental (third) | जीवेन (jīvena) | जीवेहि (jīvehi) or जीवेभि (jīvebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | जीवस्स (jīvassa) or जीवाय (jīvāya) or जीवत्थं (jīvatthaṃ) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | जीवस्मा (jīvasmā) or जीवम्हा (jīvamhā) or जीवा (jīvā) | जीवेहि (jīvehi) or जीवेभि (jīvebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | जीवस्स (jīvassa) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | जीवस्मिं (jīvasmiṃ) or जीवम्हि (jīvamhi) or जीवे (jīve) | जीवेसु (jīvesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | जीव (jīva) | जीवा (jīvā) |
Declension table of "जीवा" (feminine)
| Case \\ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | जीवा (jīvā) | जीवायो (jīvāyo) or जीवा (jīvā) |
| Accusative (second) | जीवं (jīvaṃ) | जीवायो (jīvāyo) or जीवा (jīvā) |
| Instrumental (third) | जीवाय (jīvāya) | जीवाहि (jīvāhi) or जीवाभि (jīvābhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | जीवाय (jīvāya) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | जीवाय (jīvāya) | जीवाहि (jīvāhi) or जीवाभि (jīvābhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | जीवाय (jīvāya) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | जीवाय (jīvāya) or जीवायं (jīvāyaṃ) | जीवासु (jīvāsu) |
| Vocative (calling) | जीवे (jīve) | जीवायो (jīvāyo) or जीवा (jīvā) |
Declension table of "जीव" (neuter)
| Case \\ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | जीवं (jīvaṃ) | जीवानि (jīvāni) |
| Accusative (second) | जीवं (jīvaṃ) | जीवानि (jīvāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | जीवेन (jīvena) | जीवेहि (jīvehi) or जीवेभि (jīvebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | जीवस्स (jīvassa) or जीवाय (jīvāya) or जीवत्थं (jīvatthaṃ) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | जीवस्मा (jīvasmā) or जीवम्हा (jīvamhā) or जीवा (jīvā) | जीवेहि (jīvehi) or जीवेभि (jīvebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | जीवस्स (jīvassa) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | जीवस्मिं (jīvasmiṃ) or जीवम्हि (jīvamhi) or जीवे (jīve) | जीवेसु (jīvesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | जीव (jīva) | जीवानि (jīvāni) |
Noun
जीव m or n
- Devanagari script form of jīva (“life”)
Declension
Declension table of "जीव" (neuter)
| Case \\ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | जीवं (jīvaṃ) | जीवानि (jīvāni) |
| Accusative (second) | जीवं (jīvaṃ) | जीवानि (jīvāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | जीवेन (jīvena) | जीवेहि (jīvehi) or जीवेभि (jīvebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | जीवस्स (jīvassa) or जीवाय (jīvāya) or जीवत्थं (jīvatthaṃ) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | जीवस्मा (jīvasmā) or जीवम्हा (jīvamhā) or जीवा (jīvā) | जीवेहि (jīvehi) or जीवेभि (jīvebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | जीवस्स (jīvassa) | जीवानं (jīvānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | जीवस्मिं (jīvasmiṃ) or जीवम्हि (jīvamhi) or जीवे (jīve) | जीवेसु (jīvesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | जीव (jīva) | जीवानि (jīvāni) |
When masculine, the nominative, vocative and accusative are instead:
Declension table of "जीव" (masculine)
| Case \\ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | जीवो (jīvo) | जीवा (jīvā) |
| Accusative (second) | जीवं (jīvaṃ) | जीवे (jīve) |
| Vocative (calling) | जीव (jīva) | जीवा (jīvā) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬚᬷᬯ (Balinese script)
- জীৱ (Assamese script)
- জীব (Bengali script)
- 𑰕𑰱𑰪 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌜𑍀𑌵 (Grantha script)
- જીવ (Gujarati script)
- ਜੀਵ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦗꦷꦮ (Javanese script)
- ជីវ (Khmer script)
- ಜೀವ (Kannada script)
- ຊີວ (Lao script)
- ജീവ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘕𑘲𑘪 (Modi script)
- ᠽᢈᢈᠸᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᡯᡳᡳᠸᠠ (Manchu script)
- ဇီဝ (Burmese script)
- 𑦵𑧓𑧊 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐖𑐷𑐰 (Newa script)
- ଜୀଵ (Oriya script)
- ꢙꢷꢮ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆘𑆵𑆮 (Sharada script)
- 𑖕𑖱𑖪 (Siddham script)
- ජීව (Sinhalese script)
- జీవ (Telugu script)
- ชีว (Thai script)
- ཛཱི་ཝ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒖𑒲𑒫 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰiHwás (“alive”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”), from *gʷeih₃w- (“to live”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬘𐬬𐬀 (jva), Old Persian 𐎪𐎡𐎺 (ji-i-v /jīva/), Ancient Greek βίος (bíos), Latin vīvus, Old Church Slavonic живъ (živŭ), Bulgarian жив (živ), Russian жив (živ), Old English cwic (whence English quick).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /d͡ʑiː.ʋɐ́/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈd͡ʑiː.ʋɐ/
Adjective
जीव • (jīvá)
- alive, living
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.78.9:
- दश मासाञ्छशयानः कुमारो अधि मातरि ।
निरैतु जीवो अक्षतो जीवो जीवन्त्या अधि ॥- daśa māsāñchaśayānaḥ kumāro adhi mātari .
niraitu jīvo akṣato jīvo jīvantyā adhi . - The child who hath for ten months' time been lying in his mother's womb,
May he come forth alive, unharmed, yea, living from the living dame.
- daśa māsāñchaśayānaḥ kumāro adhi mātari .
- दश मासाञ्छशयानः कुमारो अधि मातरि ।
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of जीव (jīvá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | जीवः jīváḥ | जीवौ jīvaú | जीवाः / जीवासः¹ jīvā́ḥ / jīvā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | जीव jī́va | जीवौ jī́vau | जीवाः / जीवासः¹ jī́vāḥ / jī́vāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | जीवम् jīvám | जीवौ jīvaú | जीवान् jīvā́n |
| Instrumental | जीवेन jīvéna | जीवाभ्याम् jīvā́bhyām | जीवैः / जीवेभिः¹ jīvaíḥ / jīvébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | जीवाय jīvā́ya | जीवाभ्याम् jīvā́bhyām | जीवेभ्यः jīvébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | जीवात् jīvā́t | जीवाभ्याम् jīvā́bhyām | जीवेभ्यः jīvébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | जीवस्य jīvásya | जीवयोः jīváyoḥ | जीवानाम् jīvā́nām |
| Locative | जीवे jīvé | जीवयोः jīváyoḥ | जीवेषु jīvéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of जीवा (jīvā́) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | जीवा jīvā́ | जीवे jīvé | जीवाः jīvā́ḥ |
| Vocative | जीवे jī́ve | जीवे jī́ve | जीवाः jī́vāḥ |
| Accusative | जीवाम् jīvā́m | जीवे jīvé | जीवाः jīvā́ḥ |
| Instrumental | जीवया / जीवा¹ jīváyā / jīvā́¹ | जीवाभ्याम् jīvā́bhyām | जीवाभिः jīvā́bhiḥ |
| Dative | जीवायै jīvā́yai | जीवाभ्याम् jīvā́bhyām | जीवाभ्यः jīvā́bhyaḥ |
| Ablative | जीवायाः jīvā́yāḥ | जीवाभ्याम् jīvā́bhyām | जीवाभ्यः jīvā́bhyaḥ |
| Genitive | जीवायाः jīvā́yāḥ | जीवयोः jīváyoḥ | जीवानाम् jīvā́nām |
| Locative | जीवायाम् jīvā́yām | जीवयोः jīváyoḥ | जीवासु jīvā́su |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of जीव (jīvá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | जीवम् jīvám | जीवे jīvé | जीवानि / जीवा¹ jīvā́ni / jīvā́¹ |
| Vocative | जीव jī́va | जीवे jī́ve | जीवानि / जीवा¹ jī́vāni / jī́vā¹ |
| Accusative | जीवम् jīvám | जीवे jīvé | जीवानि / जीवा¹ jīvā́ni / jīvā́¹ |
| Instrumental | जीवेन jīvéna | जीवाभ्याम् jīvā́bhyām | जीवैः / जीवेभिः¹ jīvaíḥ / jīvébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | जीवाय jīvā́ya | जीवाभ्याम् jīvā́bhyām | जीवेभ्यः jīvébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | जीवात् jīvā́t | जीवाभ्याम् jīvā́bhyām | जीवेभ्यः jīvébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | जीवस्य jīvásya | जीवयोः jīváyoḥ | जीवानाम् jīvā́nām |
| Locative | जीवे jīvé | जीवयोः jīváyoḥ | जीवेषु jīvéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
- जीवात्मन् (jīvātman)
Noun
जीव • (jīvá) m or n
- life, existence
- any living being, anything living
- the principle of life, the vital breath
- m (a name of) बृहस्पति
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of जीव (jīvá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | जीवः jīváḥ | जीवौ jīvaú | जीवाः / जीवासः¹ jīvā́ḥ / jīvā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | जीव jī́va | जीवौ jī́vau | जीवाः / जीवासः¹ jī́vāḥ / jī́vāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | जीवम् jīvám | जीवौ jīvaú | जीवान् jīvā́n |
| Instrumental | जीवेन jīvéna | जीवाभ्याम् jīvā́bhyām | जीवैः / जीवेभिः¹ jīvaíḥ / jīvébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | जीवाय jīvā́ya | जीवाभ्याम् jīvā́bhyām | जीवेभ्यः jīvébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | जीवात् jīvā́t | जीवाभ्याम् jīvā́bhyām | जीवेभ्यः jīvébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | जीवस्य jīvásya | जीवयोः jīváyoḥ | जीवानाम् jīvā́nām |
| Locative | जीवे jīvé | जीवयोः jīváyoḥ | जीवेषु jīvéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of जीव (jīvá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | जीवम् jīvám | जीवे jīvé | जीवानि / जीवा¹ jīvā́ni / jīvā́¹ |
| Vocative | जीव jī́va | जीवे jī́ve | जीवानि / जीवा¹ jī́vāni / jī́vā¹ |
| Accusative | जीवम् jīvám | जीवे jīvé | जीवानि / जीवा¹ jīvā́ni / jīvā́¹ |
| Instrumental | जीवेन jīvéna | जीवाभ्याम् jīvā́bhyām | जीवैः / जीवेभिः¹ jīvaíḥ / jīvébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | जीवाय jīvā́ya | जीवाभ्याम् jīvā́bhyām | जीवेभ्यः jīvébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | जीवात् jīvā́t | जीवाभ्याम् jīvā́bhyām | जीवेभ्यः jīvébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | जीवस्य jīvásya | जीवयोः jīváyoḥ | जीवानाम् jīvā́nām |
| Locative | जीवे jīvé | जीवयोः jīváyoḥ | जीवेषु jīvéṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Related terms
- जीवित (jīvitá)
- जीवति (jī́vati)
- जीवन (jī́vana)
Descendants
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
- Awadhi: जिउ (jiu)
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri: زُو (zuv)
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: जीउ (jīu)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
- Assamese: জীউ (ziu)
- Bengali: জি (ji)
- Bihari:
- Bhojpuri: जीउ (jīu), जिव (jiv)
- Magahi: 𑂔𑂲𑂫 (jīu)
- Maithili: जिउ (jiu), जिआ (jiā)
- Oriya: ଜୀଉ (jiu, “spirit”), ଜୀ (ji)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
- Konkani: जीवु (jīvu)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: ਜੀਓ (jīo), ਜੀ (jī)
- Sindhi: जीउ (jīu)
- Pali: jīva
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
- Garhwali: ज्यु (jyu)
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: जीउ (jīu) जी (jī), जिया (jiyā)
- Urdu: جی (jī)
- Kumaoni: ज्यू (jyū), ज्यो (jyo)
- Romani: dži (“heart, soul”)
Borrowed terms
- Assamese: জীৱ (ziw)
- Bengali: জীব (jīb)
- Burmese: ဇီဝ (jiwa.)
- Gujarati: જીવ (jīv)
- Hindi: जीव (jīv)
- Kannada: ಜೀವ (jīva)
- Konkani: जीव (jīv)
- Malay: jiwa
- Marathi: जीव (jīv)
- Punjabi: ਜੀਵ (jīv)
- Telugu: జీవము (jīvamu)
- Thai: ชีว- (chiiu-), ชีว (chiiu)
- Tagalog: diwa
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “jīvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press