खर
See also: ख़ैर, खैरो, खरा, खरी, खीरा, and खीर
Khaling
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
खर (khar)
- hand, arm
References
- “खर”, in खालिङ - नेपाली - अङ्ग्रेजी शब्दकोश (Khaling - Nepali - English Dictionary), Nepal: SIL International, 2016.
Nepali
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kʰʌr]
- Phonetic Devanagari: खर्
Noun
खर • (khar)
- thatch, straw
References
- “खर”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (Nepālī Br̥hat Śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
- Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993), “खर”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative forms
- khara (Latin script)
- 𑀔𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- খর (Bengali script)
- ඛර (Sinhalese script)
- ခရ (Burmese script)
- ขร or ขะระ (Thai script)
- ᨡᩁ (Tai Tham script)
- ຂຣ or ຂະຣະ (Lao script)
- ខរ (Khmer script)
Noun
खर ?
- donkey
- water
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
- ᬔᬭ (Balinese script)
- খৰ (Assamese script)
- খর (Bengali script)
- 𑰏𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀔𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌖𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ખર (Gujarati script)
- ਖਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦑꦫ (Javanese script)
- ខរ (Khmer script)
- ಖರ (Kannada script)
- ຂຣ (Lao script)
- ഖര (Malayalam script)
- 𑘏𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠻᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᡘᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- ခရ (Burmese script)
- 𑦯𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐏𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଖର (Oriya script)
- ꢓꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆒𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖏𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ඛර (Sinhalese script)
- ఖర (Telugu script)
- ขร (Thai script)
- ཁ་ར (Tibetan script)
- 𑒐𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *kh₂er- (“stone, hard”) also found in Old Armenian քար (kʿar, “stone”), Welsh carreg (“stone”), Celtic cognates of English crag, and Albanian gërthje (“crab”).
Adjective
खर • (khára)
- hard, harsh, rough, sharp, pungent, acid
- Antonyms: मृदु (mṛdu), श्लक्ष्ण (ślakṣṇa)
- solid
- Antonym: द्रव (drava).
- dense (clouds)
- sharp, hot (wind)
- hurtful, injurious, cutting (as speech or word)
- sharp-edged
- cruel
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of खर | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | खरः (kharaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | खरस्य (kharasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | खरः (kharaḥ) | खरौ (kharau) | खराः (kharāḥ) |
| Vocative | खर (khara) | खरौ (kharau) | खराः (kharāḥ) |
| Accusative | खरम् (kharam) | खरौ (kharau) | खरान् (kharān) |
| Instrumental | खरेन (kharena) | खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām) | खरैः (kharaiḥ) |
| Dative | खराय (kharāya) | खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām) | खरेभ्यः (kharebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | खरात् (kharāt) | खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām) | खरेभ्यः (kharebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | खरस्य (kharasya) | खरयोः (kharayoḥ) | खरानाम् (kharānām) |
| Locative | खरे (khare) | खरयोः (kharayoḥ) | खरेषु (khareṣu) |
| Feminine ā-stem declension of खर | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | खरा (kharā) | ||
| Gen. sg. | खरायाः (kharāyāḥ) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | खरा (kharā) | खरे (khare) | खराः (kharāḥ) |
| Vocative | खरे (khare) | खरे (khare) | खराः (kharāḥ) |
| Accusative | खराम् (kharām) | खरे (khare) | खराः (kharāḥ) |
| Instrumental | खरया (kharayā) | खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām) | खराभिः (kharābhiḥ) |
| Dative | खरायै (kharāyai) | खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām) | खराभ्यः (kharābhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | खरायाः (kharāyāḥ) | खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām) | खराभ्यः (kharābhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | खरायाः (kharāyāḥ) | खरयोः (kharayoḥ) | खरानाम् (kharānām) |
| Locative | खरायाम् (kharāyām) | खरयोः (kharayoḥ) | खरासु (kharāsu) |
| Neuter a-stem declension of खर | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | खरम् (kharam) | ||
| Gen. sg. | खरस्य (kharasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | खरम् (kharam) | खरे (khare) | खरानि (kharāni) |
| Vocative | खर (khara) | खरे (khare) | खरानि (kharāni) |
| Accusative | खरम् (kharam) | खरे (khare) | खरानि (kharāni) |
| Instrumental | खरेन (kharena) | खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām) | खरैः (kharaiḥ) |
| Dative | खराय (kharāya) | खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām) | खरेभ्यः (kharebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | खरात् (kharāt) | खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām) | खरेभ्यः (kharebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | खरस्य (kharasya) | खरयोः (kharayoḥ) | खरानाम् (kharānām) |
| Locative | खरे (khare) | खरयोः (kharayoḥ) | खरेषु (khareṣu) |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kʰáras.
Noun
खर • (khára) m
- donkey (so called from his cry)
- mule
- osprey
- heron
- crow
- thorny plant (sort of prickly nightshade (Solanum torvum) or perhaps camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum L.))
- name of a fragrant substance
- quadrangular mound of earth for receiving the sacrificial vessels (compare ἐσχάρα)
- a place arranged for building a house upon
- name of the 25th year of the sixty years' बृहस्पति cycle
- दैत्य or demon
- name of the असुर धेनुक
- name of a रक्षस् slain by राम (younger brother of रावण)
- name of an attendant of the Sun (= धर्म)
- name of a रुद्र
- ‘a she-mule’ » खरी-वात्सल्य
- name of one of the mothers in स्कन्द's retinue
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of खर | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. sg. | खरः (kharaḥ) | ||
| Gen. sg. | खरस्य (kharasya) | ||
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | खरः (kharaḥ) | खरौ (kharau) | खराः (kharāḥ) |
| Vocative | खर (khara) | खरौ (kharau) | खराः (kharāḥ) |
| Accusative | खरम् (kharam) | खरौ (kharau) | खरान् (kharān) |
| Instrumental | खरेन (kharena) | खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām) | खरैः (kharaiḥ) |
| Dative | खराय (kharāya) | खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām) | खरेभ्यः (kharebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | खरात् (kharāt) | खराभ्याम् (kharābhyām) | खरेभ्यः (kharebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | खरस्य (kharasya) | खरयोः (kharayoḥ) | खरानाम् (kharānām) |
| Locative | खरे (khare) | खरयोः (kharayoḥ) | खरेषु (khareṣu) |
Descendants
- Hindi: खरा (kharā)
- Punjabi: ਖਰ (khar)
- Telugu: ఖరము (kharamu)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “खर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page {{{1}}}.
- Dravidian Origins and the West: Newly Discovered Ties with the Ancient Culture and Languages, Including Basque, of the Pre-Indo-European Mediterranean World, p. 325
- Webster's New World College Dictionary, Fifth Edition
- Scigliano, Eric (2007): Michelangelo's Mountain: The Quest For Perfection in the Marble Quarries of Carrara, p. 84