अष्टम
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ᬅᬱ᭄ᬝᬫ (Balinese script)
- অষ্টম (Assamese script)
- অষ্টম (Bengali script)
- 𑰀𑰬𑰿𑰘𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀅𑀱𑁆𑀝𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- 𑌅𑌷𑍍𑌟𑌮 (Grantha script)
- અષ્ટમ (Gujarati script)
- ਅਸ਼ੑਟਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- ꦄꦰ꧀ꦛꦩ (Javanese script)
- អឞ្ដម (Khmer script)
- ಅಷ್ಟಮ (Kannada script)
- ອຩ຺ຏມ (Lao script)
- അഷ്ടമ (Malayalam script)
- 𑘀𑘬𑘿𑘘𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᠠᢔᢌᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- ᠠᢢᢞᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- အၑ္ဋမ (Burmese script)
- 𑦠𑧌𑧠𑦸𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐀𑐲𑑂𑐚𑐩 (Newa script)
- ଅଷ୍ଟମ (Oriya script)
- ꢂꢰ꣄ꢜꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆃𑆰𑇀𑆛𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖀𑖬𑖿𑖘𑖦 (Siddham script)
- අෂ්ටම (Sinhalese script)
- అష్టమ (Telugu script)
- อษฺฏม (Thai script)
- ཨ་ཥྚ་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒁𑒭𑓂𑒙𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *aštamás; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw (“eight”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (aštəma), Persian هشتم (haštom), Ossetian ӕстӕм (æstæm).
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɐʂ.ʈɐ.mɐ́/
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈɐʂ.ʈɐ.mɐ/
Adjective
अष्टम • (aṣṭamá)
- eighth
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.114.9:
- कश्छन्दसां योगमावेद धीरः को धिष्ण्यां प्रति वाचं पपाद ।
कमृत्विजाम्अष्टमं शूरमाहुर्हरी इन्द्रस्य नि चिकाय कः स्वित् ॥- kaśchandasāṃ yogamāveda dhīraḥ ko dhiṣṇyāṃ prati vācaṃ papāda .
kamṛtvijāmaṣṭamaṃ śūramāhurharī indrasya ni cikāya kaḥ svit . - What sage hath learned the metres' application? Who hath gained Vāk, the spirit's aim and object?
Which ministering priest is called the eighth Hero? Who then hath tracked the two Bay Steeds of Indra?
- kaśchandasāṃ yogamāveda dhīraḥ ko dhiṣṇyāṃ prati vācaṃ papāda .
- कश्छन्दसां योगमावेद धीरः को धिष्ण्यां प्रति वाचं पपाद ।
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of अष्टम (aṣṭamá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | अष्टमः aṣṭamáḥ | अष्टमौ aṣṭamaú | अष्टमाः / अष्टमासः¹ aṣṭamā́ḥ / aṣṭamā́saḥ¹ |
| Vocative | अष्टम áṣṭama | अष्टमौ áṣṭamau | अष्टमाः / अष्टमासः¹ áṣṭamāḥ / áṣṭamāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | अष्टमम् aṣṭamám | अष्टमौ aṣṭamaú | अष्टमान् aṣṭamā́n |
| Instrumental | अष्टमेन aṣṭaména | अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām | अष्टमैः / अष्टमेभिः¹ aṣṭamaíḥ / aṣṭamébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | अष्टमाय aṣṭamā́ya | अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām | अष्टमेभ्यः aṣṭamébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | अष्टमात् aṣṭamā́t | अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām | अष्टमेभ्यः aṣṭamébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | अष्टमस्य aṣṭamásya | अष्टमयोः aṣṭamáyoḥ | अष्टमानाम् aṣṭamā́nām |
| Locative | अष्टमे aṣṭamé | अष्टमयोः aṣṭamáyoḥ | अष्टमेषु aṣṭaméṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of अष्टमा (aṣṭamā́) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | अष्टमा aṣṭamā́ | अष्टमे aṣṭamé | अष्टमाः aṣṭamā́ḥ |
| Vocative | अष्टमे áṣṭame | अष्टमे áṣṭame | अष्टमाः áṣṭamāḥ |
| Accusative | अष्टमाम् aṣṭamā́m | अष्टमे aṣṭamé | अष्टमाः aṣṭamā́ḥ |
| Instrumental | अष्टमया / अष्टमा¹ aṣṭamáyā / aṣṭamā́¹ | अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām | अष्टमाभिः aṣṭamā́bhiḥ |
| Dative | अष्टमायै aṣṭamā́yai | अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām | अष्टमाभ्यः aṣṭamā́bhyaḥ |
| Ablative | अष्टमायाः aṣṭamā́yāḥ | अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām | अष्टमाभ्यः aṣṭamā́bhyaḥ |
| Genitive | अष्टमायाः aṣṭamā́yāḥ | अष्टमयोः aṣṭamáyoḥ | अष्टमानाम् aṣṭamā́nām |
| Locative | अष्टमायाम् aṣṭamā́yām | अष्टमयोः aṣṭamáyoḥ | अष्टमासु aṣṭamā́su |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of अष्टम (aṣṭamá) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | अष्टमम् aṣṭamám | अष्टमे aṣṭamé | अष्टमानि / अष्टमा¹ aṣṭamā́ni / aṣṭamā́¹ |
| Vocative | अष्टम áṣṭama | अष्टमे áṣṭame | अष्टमानि / अष्टमा¹ áṣṭamāni / áṣṭamā¹ |
| Accusative | अष्टमम् aṣṭamám | अष्टमे aṣṭamé | अष्टमानि / अष्टमा¹ aṣṭamā́ni / aṣṭamā́¹ |
| Instrumental | अष्टमेन aṣṭaména | अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām | अष्टमैः / अष्टमेभिः¹ aṣṭamaíḥ / aṣṭamébhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | अष्टमाय aṣṭamā́ya | अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām | अष्टमेभ्यः aṣṭamébhyaḥ |
| Ablative | अष्टमात् aṣṭamā́t | अष्टमाभ्याम् aṣṭamā́bhyām | अष्टमेभ्यः aṣṭamébhyaḥ |
| Genitive | अष्टमस्य aṣṭamásya | अष्टमयोः aṣṭamáyoḥ | अष्टमानाम् aṣṭamā́nām |
| Locative | अष्टमे aṣṭamé | अष्टमयोः aṣṭamáyoḥ | अष्टमेषु aṣṭaméṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Gandhari: 𐨀𐨛𐨨 (aṭhama)
- Pali: aṭṭhama
- → Burmese: အဋ္ဌမ (athta.ma.)
- Prakrit: 𑀅𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀫 (aṭṭhama)
- Khasa Prakrit:
- Nepali: आठौं (āṭha͠u)
- Maharastri Prakrit:
- Konkani: आठवें (āṭhvẽ)
- Marathi: आठवे (āṭhve)
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Takka Apabhramsa:
- Punjabi: ਅੱਠਵਾਂ (aṭṭhavā̃)
- Vracada Apabhramsa:
- Sindhi: aṭhõ
- Arabic: اٺون
- Devanagari: अठों
- Sindhi: aṭhõ
- Takka Apabhramsa:
- Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Gujarati: આઠમું (āṭhamũ)
- Hindustani: āṭhvā̃
- Hindi: आठवाँ
- Urdu: آٹھواں
- Khasa Prakrit:
- → Bengali: অষ্টম (ôṣṭôm)
- → Kannada: ಅಷ್ಟಮ (aṣṭama)
Further reading
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “अष्टम”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Monier Williams (1899), “अष्टम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 117.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “aṣṭamá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 41