ملأك
Arabic
Alternative forms
- مَلَك (malak)
Etymology
Borrowed from Ge'ez መልአክ (mälʾäk, “messenger; angel”), the plural of which is መላእክት (mälaʾəkt), itself a calque of Aramaic מַלְאֲכָא / ܡܠܐܟܐ (malʾăḵā, “angel, messenger”) and Hebrew מַלְאָךְ (malʾā́ḵ, “angel, messenger”), closer in Tigrinya መልኣኽ (mälʾax), Amharic መልኣክ (mälʾak), መላክ (mälak) of which the plural is መላእክት (mälaʾəkt). Compare the root ل ء ك (l-ʾ-k) and لَأَكَ (laʾaka), أَلْأَكَ (ʾalʾaka, “to send as a messenger”), which was regularly used as the normal word for “to send” in Ge'ez ለአከ (läʾäkä) as well as in Ugaritic 𐎍𐎛𐎋 (lỉk), 𐎍𐎀𐎋 (lảk) for which the normal Arabic word is أَرْسَلَ (ʾarsala) upon which one has formed رَسُول (rasūl, “messenger; apostle; angel”), with the same pattern native Ge'ez ልኡክ (ləʾuk, “messenger; apostle; cantor”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mal.ʔak/
Noun
مَلْأَك • (malʾak) m (plural مَلَائِك (malāʾik) or مَلَائِكَة (malāʾika))
- angel
Declension
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | مَلْأَك malʾak | الْمَلْأَك al-malʾak | مَلْأَك malʾak |
| Nominative | مَلْأَكٌ malʾakun | الْمَلْأَكُ al-malʾaku | مَلْأَكُ malʾaku |
| Accusative | مَلْأَكًا malʾakan | الْمَلْأَكَ al-malʾaka | مَلْأَكَ malʾaka |
| Genitive | مَلْأَكٍ malʾakin | الْمَلْأَكِ al-malʾaki | مَلْأَكِ malʾaki |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | مَلْأَكَيْن malʾakayn | الْمَلْأَكَيْن al-malʾakayn | مَلْأَكَيْ malʾakay |
| Nominative | مَلْأَكَانِ malʾakāni | الْمَلْأَكَانِ al-malʾakāni | مَلْأَكَا malʾakā |
| Accusative | مَلْأَكَيْنِ malʾakayni | الْمَلْأَكَيْنِ al-malʾakayni | مَلْأَكَيْ malʾakay |
| Genitive | مَلْأَكَيْنِ malʾakayni | الْمَلْأَكَيْنِ al-malʾakayni | مَلْأَكَيْ malʾakay |
| Plural | basic broken plural diptote; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | مَلَائِك; مَلَائِكَة malāʾik; malāʾika | الْمَلَائِك; الْمَلَائِكَة al-malāʾik; al-malāʾika | مَلَائِك; مَلَائِكَة malāʾik; malāʾikat |
| Nominative | مَلَائِكُ; مَلَائِكَةٌ malāʾiku; malāʾikatun | الْمَلَائِكُ; الْمَلَائِكَةُ al-malāʾiku; al-malāʾikatu | مَلَائِكُ; مَلَائِكَةُ malāʾiku; malāʾikatu |
| Accusative | مَلَائِكَ; مَلَائِكَةً malāʾika; malāʾikatan | الْمَلَائِكَ; الْمَلَائِكَةَ al-malāʾika; al-malāʾikata | مَلَائِكَ; مَلَائِكَةَ malāʾika; malāʾikata |
| Genitive | مَلَائِكَ; مَلَائِكَةٍ malāʾika; malāʾikatin | الْمَلَائِكِ; الْمَلَائِكَةِ al-malāʾiki; al-malāʾikati | مَلَائِكِ; مَلَائِكَةِ malāʾiki; malāʾikati |
Descendants
- → Abaza: мальаикь (malᶻaikʲ)
- → Abkhaz: амаалықь (amaaləkʲ)
- → Adyghe: мэлэӏич (meleʼiič)
- → Avar: малаик (malaik)
- → Azerbaijani: mələk
- → Chechen: малик (malik)
- → Dargwa: малайк (malajk)
- → Farefare: malɛka
- → Hausa: mala'ika
- → Indonesian: malaikat
- → Ingush: малайк (malajk)
- → Kabardian: мэлэӏыч (meleʼəč)
- → Khwarezmian: ملك (mlk)[1]
- → Kumyk: малайик (malayik)
- → Northern Kurdish: melek, milyaket
- → Lezgi: малаик (malaik)
- → Malay: malak, malaikat
- → Moore: malɛka
- → Persian: ملک (malak)
- → Ottoman Turkish: ملك (melek)
- Turkish: melek
- → Swahili: malaika
- → Tabasaran: малайик (malajik)
- → Turkmen: melek
References
- Benzing, Johannes (1983), “mlk”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz
- Geiger, Abraham (1833, 1902) Was hat Mohammed aus dem Judenthume aufgenommen? (in German), 2nd edition, Leipzig: M. W. Kaufmann, page 59
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 269–270
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 34