عمل
Arabic
Etymology 1
From the root ع م ل (ʕ-m-l). The grammatical “government” meaning is a semantic loan from Medieval Latin vīs. Compare Hebrew עָמָל (`Amal, “work, deed”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕa.mi.la/
Verb
عَمِلَ • (ʕamila) I, non-past يَعْمَلُ (yaʕmalu)
- to work, perform
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 18:79:
- أَمَّا السَّفِينَةُ فَكَانَتْ لِمَسَاكِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ فِي الْبَحْرِ
- ʔammā s-safīnatu fakānat limasākīna yaʕmalūna fī l-baḥri
- As for the ship, it belonged to some poor people, working at sea.
-
- to do (with deliberate thought)
- to practice, profess
- to produce an effect
- to be brisk, walk fast
- to exercise an influence
- (grammar) to govern a case
- to take pains (عَلَى (ʕalā) with)
- to work to an end
- to take care of
- to last without interruption
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | عَمَل ʕamal | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | عَامِل ʕāmil | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مَعْمُول maʕmūl | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | عَمِلْتُ ʕamiltu | عَمِلْتَ ʕamilta | عَمِلَ ʕamila | عَمِلْتُمَا ʕamiltumā | عَمِلَا ʕamilā | عَمِلْنَا ʕamilnā | عَمِلْتُمْ ʕamiltum | عَمِلُوا ʕamilū | |||
f | عَمِلْتِ ʕamilti | عَمِلَتْ ʕamilat | عَمِلَتَا ʕamilatā | عَمِلْتُنَّ ʕamiltunna | عَمِلْنَ ʕamilna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أَعْمَلُ ʔaʕmalu | تَعْمَلُ taʕmalu | يَعْمَلُ yaʕmalu | تَعْمَلَانِ taʕmalāni | يَعْمَلَانِ yaʕmalāni | نَعْمَلُ naʕmalu | تَعْمَلُونَ taʕmalūna | يَعْمَلُونَ yaʕmalūna | |||
f | تَعْمَلِينَ taʕmalīna | تَعْمَلُ taʕmalu | تَعْمَلَانِ taʕmalāni | تَعْمَلْنَ taʕmalna | يَعْمَلْنَ yaʕmalna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أَعْمَلَ ʔaʕmala | تَعْمَلَ taʕmala | يَعْمَلَ yaʕmala | تَعْمَلَا taʕmalā | يَعْمَلَا yaʕmalā | نَعْمَلَ naʕmala | تَعْمَلُوا taʕmalū | يَعْمَلُوا yaʕmalū | |||
f | تَعْمَلِي taʕmalī | تَعْمَلَ taʕmala | تَعْمَلَا taʕmalā | تَعْمَلْنَ taʕmalna | يَعْمَلْنَ yaʕmalna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أَعْمَلْ ʔaʕmal | تَعْمَلْ taʕmal | يَعْمَلْ yaʕmal | تَعْمَلَا taʕmalā | يَعْمَلَا yaʕmalā | نَعْمَلْ naʕmal | تَعْمَلُوا taʕmalū | يَعْمَلُوا yaʕmalū | |||
f | تَعْمَلِي taʕmalī | تَعْمَلْ taʕmal | تَعْمَلَا taʕmalā | تَعْمَلْنَ taʕmalna | يَعْمَلْنَ yaʕmalna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | اِعْمَلْ iʕmal | اِعْمَلَا iʕmalā | اِعْمَلُوا iʕmalū | ||||||||
f | اِعْمَلِي iʕmalī | اِعْمَلْنَ iʕmalna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | عُمِلْتُ ʕumiltu | عُمِلْتَ ʕumilta | عُمِلَ ʕumila | عُمِلْتُمَا ʕumiltumā | عُمِلَا ʕumilā | عُمِلْنَا ʕumilnā | عُمِلْتُمْ ʕumiltum | عُمِلُوا ʕumilū | |||
f | عُمِلْتِ ʕumilti | عُمِلَتْ ʕumilat | عُمِلَتَا ʕumilatā | عُمِلْتُنَّ ʕumiltunna | عُمِلْنَ ʕumilna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُعْمَلُ ʔuʕmalu | تُعْمَلُ tuʕmalu | يُعْمَلُ yuʕmalu | تُعْمَلَانِ tuʕmalāni | يُعْمَلَانِ yuʕmalāni | نُعْمَلُ nuʕmalu | تُعْمَلُونَ tuʕmalūna | يُعْمَلُونَ yuʕmalūna | |||
f | تُعْمَلِينَ tuʕmalīna | تُعْمَلُ tuʕmalu | تُعْمَلَانِ tuʕmalāni | تُعْمَلْنَ tuʕmalna | يُعْمَلْنَ yuʕmalna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُعْمَلَ ʔuʕmala | تُعْمَلَ tuʕmala | يُعْمَلَ yuʕmala | تُعْمَلَا tuʕmalā | يُعْمَلَا yuʕmalā | نُعْمَلَ nuʕmala | تُعْمَلُوا tuʕmalū | يُعْمَلُوا yuʕmalū | |||
f | تُعْمَلِي tuʕmalī | تُعْمَلَ tuʕmala | تُعْمَلَا tuʕmalā | تُعْمَلْنَ tuʕmalna | يُعْمَلْنَ yuʕmalna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُعْمَلْ ʔuʕmal | تُعْمَلْ tuʕmal | يُعْمَلْ yuʕmal | تُعْمَلَا tuʕmalā | يُعْمَلَا yuʕmalā | نُعْمَلْ nuʕmal | تُعْمَلُوا tuʕmalū | يُعْمَلُوا yuʕmalū | |||
f | تُعْمَلِي tuʕmalī | تُعْمَلْ tuʕmal | تُعْمَلَا tuʕmalā | تُعْمَلْنَ tuʕmalna | يُعْمَلْنَ yuʕmalna |
Etymology 2
From the root ع م ل (ʕ-m-l).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕam.ma.la/
Verb
عَمَّلَ • (ʕammala) II, non-past يُعَمِّلُ (yuʕammilu)
- to pay (someone) his fee or wages
- to make (someone) an administrator or governor
- to suppurate, grow cancerous
Conjugation
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر | تَعْمِيل taʕmīl | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل | مُعَمِّل muʕammil | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول | مُعَمَّل muʕammal | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | عَمَّلْتُ ʕammaltu | عَمَّلْتَ ʕammalta | عَمَّلَ ʕammala | عَمَّلْتُمَا ʕammaltumā | عَمَّلَا ʕammalā | عَمَّلْنَا ʕammalnā | عَمَّلْتُمْ ʕammaltum | عَمَّلُوا ʕammalū | |||
f | عَمَّلْتِ ʕammalti | عَمَّلَتْ ʕammalat | عَمَّلَتَا ʕammalatā | عَمَّلْتُنَّ ʕammaltunna | عَمَّلْنَ ʕammalna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُعَمِّلُ ʔuʕammilu | تُعَمِّلُ tuʕammilu | يُعَمِّلُ yuʕammilu | تُعَمِّلَانِ tuʕammilāni | يُعَمِّلَانِ yuʕammilāni | نُعَمِّلُ nuʕammilu | تُعَمِّلُونَ tuʕammilūna | يُعَمِّلُونَ yuʕammilūna | |||
f | تُعَمِّلِينَ tuʕammilīna | تُعَمِّلُ tuʕammilu | تُعَمِّلَانِ tuʕammilāni | تُعَمِّلْنَ tuʕammilna | يُعَمِّلْنَ yuʕammilna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُعَمِّلَ ʔuʕammila | تُعَمِّلَ tuʕammila | يُعَمِّلَ yuʕammila | تُعَمِّلَا tuʕammilā | يُعَمِّلَا yuʕammilā | نُعَمِّلَ nuʕammila | تُعَمِّلُوا tuʕammilū | يُعَمِّلُوا yuʕammilū | |||
f | تُعَمِّلِي tuʕammilī | تُعَمِّلَ tuʕammila | تُعَمِّلَا tuʕammilā | تُعَمِّلْنَ tuʕammilna | يُعَمِّلْنَ yuʕammilna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُعَمِّلْ ʔuʕammil | تُعَمِّلْ tuʕammil | يُعَمِّلْ yuʕammil | تُعَمِّلَا tuʕammilā | يُعَمِّلَا yuʕammilā | نُعَمِّلْ nuʕammil | تُعَمِّلُوا tuʕammilū | يُعَمِّلُوا yuʕammilū | |||
f | تُعَمِّلِي tuʕammilī | تُعَمِّلْ tuʕammil | تُعَمِّلَا tuʕammilā | تُعَمِّلْنَ tuʕammilna | يُعَمِّلْنَ yuʕammilna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر | m | عَمِّلْ ʕammil | عَمِّلَا ʕammilā | عَمِّلُوا ʕammilū | ||||||||
f | عَمِّلِي ʕammilī | عَمِّلْنَ ʕammilna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد | dual الْمُثَنَّى | plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم | 2nd person الْمُخَاطَب | 3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي | m | عُمِّلْتُ ʕummiltu | عُمِّلْتَ ʕummilta | عُمِّلَ ʕummila | عُمِّلْتُمَا ʕummiltumā | عُمِّلَا ʕummilā | عُمِّلْنَا ʕummilnā | عُمِّلْتُمْ ʕummiltum | عُمِّلُوا ʕummilū | |||
f | عُمِّلْتِ ʕummilti | عُمِّلَتْ ʕummilat | عُمِّلَتَا ʕummilatā | عُمِّلْتُنَّ ʕummiltunna | عُمِّلْنَ ʕummilna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع | m | أُعَمَّلُ ʔuʕammalu | تُعَمَّلُ tuʕammalu | يُعَمَّلُ yuʕammalu | تُعَمَّلَانِ tuʕammalāni | يُعَمَّلَانِ yuʕammalāni | نُعَمَّلُ nuʕammalu | تُعَمَّلُونَ tuʕammalūna | يُعَمَّلُونَ yuʕammalūna | |||
f | تُعَمَّلِينَ tuʕammalīna | تُعَمَّلُ tuʕammalu | تُعَمَّلَانِ tuʕammalāni | تُعَمَّلْنَ tuʕammalna | يُعَمَّلْنَ yuʕammalna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب | m | أُعَمَّلَ ʔuʕammala | تُعَمَّلَ tuʕammala | يُعَمَّلَ yuʕammala | تُعَمَّلَا tuʕammalā | يُعَمَّلَا yuʕammalā | نُعَمَّلَ nuʕammala | تُعَمَّلُوا tuʕammalū | يُعَمَّلُوا yuʕammalū | |||
f | تُعَمَّلِي tuʕammalī | تُعَمَّلَ tuʕammala | تُعَمَّلَا tuʕammalā | تُعَمَّلْنَ tuʕammalna | يُعَمَّلْنَ yuʕammalna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم | m | أُعَمَّلْ ʔuʕammal | تُعَمَّلْ tuʕammal | يُعَمَّلْ yuʕammal | تُعَمَّلَا tuʕammalā | يُعَمَّلَا yuʕammalā | نُعَمَّلْ nuʕammal | تُعَمَّلُوا tuʕammalū | يُعَمَّلُوا yuʕammalū | |||
f | تُعَمَّلِي tuʕammalī | تُعَمَّلْ tuʕammal | تُعَمَّلَا tuʕammalā | تُعَمَّلْنَ tuʕammalna | يُعَمَّلْنَ yuʕammalna |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕa.mal/
Audio (file)
Noun
عَمَل • (ʕamal) m (plural أَعْمَال (ʔaʕmāl))
- verbal noun of عَمِلَ (ʕamila) (form I)
- work, action, deed
- (grammar) government
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | عَمَل ʕamal | الْعَمَل al-ʕamal | عَمَل ʕamal |
Nominative | عَمَلٌ ʕamalun | الْعَمَلُ al-ʕamalu | عَمَلُ ʕamalu |
Accusative | عَمَلًا ʕamalan | الْعَمَلَ al-ʕamala | عَمَلَ ʕamala |
Genitive | عَمَلٍ ʕamalin | الْعَمَلِ al-ʕamali | عَمَلِ ʕamali |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | عَمَلَيْن ʕamalayn | الْعَمَلَيْن al-ʕamalayn | عَمَلَيْ ʕamalay |
Nominative | عَمَلَانِ ʕamalāni | الْعَمَلَانِ al-ʕamalāni | عَمَلَا ʕamalā |
Accusative | عَمَلَيْنِ ʕamalayni | الْعَمَلَيْنِ al-ʕamalayni | عَمَلَيْ ʕamalay |
Genitive | عَمَلَيْنِ ʕamalayni | الْعَمَلَيْنِ al-ʕamalayni | عَمَلَيْ ʕamalay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَعْمَال ʔaʕmāl | الْأَعْمَال al-ʔaʕmāl | أَعْمَال ʔaʕmāl |
Nominative | أَعْمَالٌ ʔaʕmālun | الْأَعْمَالُ al-ʔaʕmālu | أَعْمَالُ ʔaʕmālu |
Accusative | أَعْمَالًا ʔaʕmālan | الْأَعْمَالَ al-ʔaʕmāla | أَعْمَالَ ʔaʕmāla |
Genitive | أَعْمَالٍ ʔaʕmālin | الْأَعْمَالِ al-ʔaʕmāli | أَعْمَالِ ʔaʕmāli |
Descendants
- → Azerbaijani: əməl
- → Bashkir: ғәмәл (ğämäl)
- → Ottoman Turkish: عمل
- → Swahili: amali
References
- Praetorius, Franz (1909), “Die grammatische Rektion bei den Arabern”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, volume 63, pages 495–503
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “عمل”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “عمل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Egyptian Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic عَمِلَ (ʕamila).
Verb
عمل • (ʕamal) (perfect, imperfect يعمل (yiʕmil), verb form I)
- to do
Conjugation
verbal noun | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle | عامل (ʕāmil) | |||||||
passive participle | معمول (maʕmūl) | |||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | عملت (ʕamalt) | عملت (ʕamalt) | عمل (ʕamal) | عملنا (ʕamalna) | عملتوا (ʕamaltu) | عملوا (ʕamalu) | |
f | عملتي (ʕamalti) | عملت (ʕamalit) | ||||||
present subjunctive | m | اعمل (aʕmil) | تعمل (tiʕmil) | يعمل (yiʕmil) | نعمل (niʕmil) | تعملوا (tiʕmilu) | يعملوا (yiʕmilu) | |
f | تعملي (tiʕmili) | تعمل (tiʕmil) | ||||||
present indicative | m | بعمل (baʕmil) | بتعمل (bitiʕmil) | بيعمل (biyiʕmil) | بنعمل (biniʕmil) | بتعملوا (bitiʕmilu) | بيعملوا (biyiʕmilu) | |
f | بتعملي (bitiʕmili) | بتعمل (bitiʕmil) | ||||||
future | m | حعمل (ḥaʕmil) | حتعمل (ḥatiʕmil) | حيعمل (ḥayiʕmil) | حنعمل (ḥaniʕmil) | حتعملوا (ḥatiʕmilu) | حيعملوا (ḥayiʕmilu) | |
f | حتعملي (ḥatiʕmili) | حتعمل (ḥatiʕmil) | ||||||
imperative | m | اعمل (iʕmil) | اعملوا (iʕmilu) | |||||
f | اعملي (iʕmili) |
Moroccan Arabic
Etymology
Root |
---|
ع م ل |
1 term |
From Arabic عَمِلَ (ʕamila).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕmal/
Audio (file)
Verb
عمل • (ʕmal) (form I, non-past يعمل (yiʕmal))
- to do
- Synonym: دار (dār)
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
North Levantine Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic عَمِلَ (ʕamila).
Verb
عمل • (ʕimil) (form I, non-past يعمل (yiʕmil, yaʕmil, yaʕmul))
- to do
- شو عم تعمل؟
- šu ʕam taʕmul?
- What are you doing?
Persian
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic عَمَل (ʕamal).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /aˈmal/
- (Dari Persian) IPA(key): /aˈmal/
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): /æˈmæl/
- (Tajik) IPA(key): /aˈmal/
Noun
Dari | عمل |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | амал (amal) |
عمل • ('amal) (plural اعمال (a'mâl) or عملها ('amal-hâ))
- action
- Synonym: کار (kâr)
- deed
- operation
- Synonym: عملیات ('amaliyât)
Inflection
Enclitic-attached forms of عمل ('amal) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|
Derived terms
- عمل کردن ('amal kardan)
- عملی ('amali)
South Levantine Arabic
Root |
---|
ع م ل |
Etymology
From Arabic عَمِلَ (ʕamila).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʕi.mil/, [ˈʕɛ.mɪl], [ˈʕɪ.mɪl], [ˈʕi.mɪl]
- IPA(key): /ʕa.mal/, [ˈʕa.mal]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)
Verb
عمل • (ʕimil) (form I, present بعمل (biʕmil), active participle عامل (ʕāmel))
- to do
- Synonym: سوّى (sawwa)
- شو بتحبّنعمل؟
- šu bitḥebb niʕmil?
- What would you like for us to do?
- يلّا تعالي، شوبتعملي؟
- yalla taʕāli, šu btiʕmili?
- Come on, what are you doing?
- to make, to prepare
- Synonym: سوّى (sawwa)
- عملتلي دور.
- ʕimlatli dōr.
- She made an appointment for me.
- رحأعملكم أشياء زاكية.
- raḥ ʔaʕmilkom ʔašyāʔ zākye.
- I'm going to prepare some sweets for you.
- (reflexive) to act (a certain way), to pretend
- عمل حاله نايم.
- ʕimil ḥālo nāyem.
- He acted like he was asleep.
Usage notes
- Like عرف (ʕirif), non-past forms may use “a” as the core vowel and in the prefix, so forms like بِعْمَل (beʕmal) and بْيَعْمِل (byaʕmel) are possible as well.
Conjugation
Conjugation of عمل (ʕimil) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | عملت (ʕmilt) | عملت (ʕmilt) | عمل (ʕimil) | عملنا (ʕmilna) | عملتو (ʕmiltu) | عملو (ʕimlu) | |
f | عملتي (ʕmilti) | عملت (ʕimlat) | ||||||
present | m | بعمل (baʕmil) | بتعمل (btiʕmil) | بعمل (biʕmil) | منعمل (mniʕmil) | بتعملو (btiʕmilu) | بعملو (biʕmilu) | |
f | بتعملي (btiʕmili) | بتعمل (btiʕmil) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | أعمل (ʔaʕmil) | تعمل (tiʕmil) | يعمل (yiʕmil) | نعمل (niʕmil) | تعملو (tiʕmilu) | يعملو (yiʕmilu) | |
f | تعملي (tiʕmili) | تعمل (tiʕmil) | ||||||
imperative | m | اعمل (iʕmil) | اعملو (iʕmilu) | |||||
f | اعملي (iʕmili) |
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Persian عمل ('amal), from Arabic عَمَل (ʕamal).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ə.məl/
Noun
عمل • ('amal) m (Hindi spelling अमल)
- action, deed
- process
- effect