خيمة

See also: خیمہ‎ and خیمه‎‎

Arabic

Etymology

Frequently thought to be a foreign word, in Jeffery’s words even “obviously not Arabic”. In this case most likely borrowed from Old South Arabian, from which source also Ge'ez ኀይመት (ḫäymät), Tigre ሓይመት (ḥaymät), Amharic ሃይመት (haymät). This could be countered with Ugaritic 𐎃𐎎𐎚 (ḫmt, “tent”) (attested multiple times), Ugaritic 𐎃𐎎𐎐 (ḫmn, “chapel, small temple”), Imperial Aramaic 𐡇𐡌𐡍‎ (ḥmn, “altar, chapel”), Hebrew חַמָּן‎ (ḥammān, “altar, chapel”) – with a small probability related to Egyptian ḫꜣwt (“altar, altar chamber”) –, Ugaritic 𐎃𐎊𐎎 (ḫym, “canopy, baldachin”) – possibly related to Akkadian 𒌆𒄩𒁍𒌝 (^TUG₂.ḪA.BU.UM), 𒌆𒄩𒌝 (^TUG₂.ḪA.UM /ḫaʾum, ḫawum/, “a kind of covering cloth”).

Compare also Kabyle taxxamt, taxyamt, axxam, axyam, this and equivalent words in other Berber languages meaning “tent” foremostly, and “cabin, chamber, room”, reconstructed for Proto-Berber rather than deemed borrowed from Arabic.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /xaj.ma/
- (Hejazi) IPA^(key): [ˈxe̞ːma]

Noun

خَيْمَة • (ḵayma) f (plural خِيَام‎ (ḵiyām) or خِيَم‎ (ḵiyam))

tent
tarpaulin
arbor, bower
pavilion

Declension

Declension of noun خَيْمَة (ḵayma)

Singular	singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَيْمَة ḵayma	الْخَيْمَة‎ al-ḵayma	خَيْمَة ḵaymat
Nominative	خَيْمَةٌ ḵaymatun	الْخَيْمَةُ‎ al-ḵaymatu	خَيْمَةُ ḵaymatu
Accusative	خَيْمَةً ḵaymatan	الْخَيْمَةَ‎ al-ḵaymata	خَيْمَةَ ḵaymata
Genitive	خَيْمَةٍ ḵaymatin	الْخَيْمَةِ‎ al-ḵaymati	خَيْمَةِ ḵaymati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَيْمَتَيْن‎ ḵaymatayn	الْخَيْمَتَيْن‎ al-ḵaymatayn	خَيْمَتَيْ‎ ḵaymatay
Nominative	خَيْمَتَانِ‎ ḵaymatāni	الْخَيْمَتَانِ‎ al-ḵaymatāni	خَيْمَتَا‎ ḵaymatā
Accusative	خَيْمَتَيْنِ‎ ḵaymatayni	الْخَيْمَتَيْنِ‎ al-ḵaymatayni	خَيْمَتَيْ‎ ḵaymatay
Genitive	خَيْمَتَيْنِ‎ ḵaymatayni	الْخَيْمَتَيْنِ‎ al-ḵaymatayni	خَيْمَتَيْ‎ ḵaymatay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خِيَام‎‎; خِيَم‎ ḵiyām‎; ḵiyam	الْخِيَام‎‎; الْخِيَم‎ al-ḵiyām‎; al-ḵiyam	خِيَام‎‎; خِيَم‎ ḵiyām‎; ḵiyam
Nominative	خِيَامٌ‎‎; خِيَمٌ‎ ḵiyāmun‎; ḵiyamun	الْخِيَامُ‎‎; الْخِيَمُ‎ al-ḵiyāmu‎; al-ḵiyamu	خِيَامُ‎‎; خِيَمُ‎ ḵiyāmu‎; ḵiyamu
Accusative	خِيَامًا‎‎; خِيَمًا‎ ḵiyāman‎; ḵiyaman	الْخِيَامَ‎‎; الْخِيَمَ‎ al-ḵiyāma‎; al-ḵiyama	خِيَامَ‎‎; خِيَمَ‎ ḵiyāma‎; ḵiyama
Genitive	خِيَامٍ‎‎; خِيَمٍ‎ ḵiyāmin‎; ḵiyamin	الْخِيَامِ‎‎; الْخِيَمِ‎ al-ḵiyāmi‎; al-ḵiyami	خِيَامِ‎‎; خِيَمِ‎ ḵiyāmi‎; ḵiyami

Derived terms

خَامَ‎ (ḵāma, “to draw back, to hold back”)
خَيَّمَ‎ (ḵayyama, “to pitch one’s tent”)
- مُخَيَّم‎ (muḵayyam, “encampment”)
أَخَامَ‎ (ʾaḵāma, “to construct a tent”)
تَخَيَّمَ‎ (taḵayyama, “to pitch one’s tent”)

Descendants

→ Hindustani:
Hindi: ख़ैमा (xaimā)
Urdu: خیمہ‎ (xaimā)
→ Kanuri: lăimà
- → Hausa: laimā̀
Kurdish:
→ Northern Kurdish: xêvet
→ Central Kurdish: خێوەت‎ (xêwet)
→ Persian: خیمه‎ (xeyme)
→ Spanish: jaima
→ Swahili: hema
- → Chichewa: hema
→ Tigre: ከይመት (käymät)
- → Blin: ከይመት / kaymat

References

“خيمة” in Almaany
“ḥmn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
H2553 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
“ḫawû”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD), volume 6, Ḫ, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1956, pages 162–163
Dillmann, August (1865), “ኀይመት”, in Lexicon linguae aethiopicae cum indice latino (in Latin), Leipzig: T. O. Weigel, column 610
Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881), “خيمة”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 419
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 30
Freytag, Georg (1830), “خيمة”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 544
Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 127
Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “خيمة”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, pages 658–659
Lane, Edward William (1863), “خيمة”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 837
Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 269
Olmo Lete, Gregorio del; Sanmartín, Joaquín; Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2015), “ḫmn, ḫmt, ḫym”, in A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 112), 3rd edition, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 390, 392, 411
Smith, Mark S.; Pitard, Wayne T. (2009) The Ugaritic Baal Cycle. Volume II. Introduction with Text, Translation and Commentary of KTU/CAT 1.3–1.4 (Supplements to Vetus Testamentum), volume 114, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 414
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “خيمة”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen, page 349
Vollers, Karl (1896), “Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 50, page 631
Wahrmund, Adolf (1887), “خيمة”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache (in German), volume 1, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 638–639
Wehr, Hans (1979), “خيمة”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 310
Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “خيمة”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 373
Zammit, Martin R. (2009), “South Arabian Loanwords”, in Versteegh, Kees, editor, Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, volume 4, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 296