بدعة

بدعة

See also: بدعت‎

Arabic

Etymology

From ب د ع‎ (b-d-ʿ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bid.ʕa/

Noun

بِدْعَة • (bidʿa) f (plural بِدْعَات‎ (bidʿāt) or بِدَع‎ (bidaʿ))

1. (now rare) an innovation; an invention

   Synonyms: (largely modern) اِبْتِكَار‎ (ibtikār), (modern) اِخْتِرَاع‎ (iḵtirāʿ)

2. (derogatory, religion) a practice, custom, habit, ritual, observance, belief, idea, thesis, proposition, view, doctrine, or philosophy that has arisen reputedly outside the religious law and ordinances; a novelty

   Synonym: مُحْدَثَة‎ (muḥdaṯa)

   • 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Buḵāriyy, 31:3:

     ‏عَنْ عَبْدِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ بْنِ عَبْدٍ ٱلْقَارِي، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: «خَرَجْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ ٱلْخَطَّابِ —⁠رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ⁠— لَيْلَةً فِي رَمَضَانَ، إِلَى ٱلْمَسْجِدِ، فَإِذَا ٱلنَّاسُ أَوْزَاعٌ مُتَفَرِّقُونَ يُصَلِّي ٱلرَّجُلُ لِنَفْسِهِ، وَيُصَلِّي ٱلرَّجُلُ فَيُصَلِّي بِصَلَاتِهِ ٱلرَّهْطُ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: «إِنِّي أَرَى لَوْ جَمَعْتُ هَٰؤُلَاءِ عَلَى قَارِئٍ وَاحِدٍ لَكَانَ أَمْثَلَ‏»،‏ ثُمَّ عَزَمَ فَجَمَعَهُمْ عَلَى أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، ثُمَّ خَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ لَيْلَةً أُخْرَى، وَٱلنَّاسُ يُصَلُّونَ بِصَلَاةِ قَارِئِهِمْ. قَالَ عُمَرُ: «نِعْمَ ٱلْبِدْعَةُ هَذِهِ، وَٱلَّتِي يَنَامُونَ عَنْهَا أَفْضَلُ مِنَ ٱلَّتِي يَقُومُونَ‏.‏» يُرِيدُ آخِرَ ٱللَّيْلِ، وَكَانَ ٱلنَّاسُ يَقُومُونَ أَوَّلَهُ‏.»‏‎

     ʿan ʿabdi r-raḥmāni bni ʿabdin l-qārī, ʾannahu qāla: “ḵarajtu maʿa ʿumara bni l-ḵaṭṭābi —⁠raḍiya llāhu ʿanhu⁠— laylatan fī ramaḍāna, ʾilā l-masjidi, faʾiḏā n-nāsu ʾawzāʿun mutafarriqūna yuṣallī r-rajulu linafsihi, wayuṣallī r-rajulu fayuṣallī biṣalātihi r-rahṭu. faqāla ʿumaru: “ʾinnī ʾarā law jamaʿtu hāʾulāʾi ʿalā qāriʾin wāḥidin lakāna ʾamṯala”, ṯumma ʿazama fajamaʿahum ʿalā ʾubayyi bni kaʿbin, ṯumma ḵarajtu maʿahu laylatan ʾuḵrā, wan-nāsu yuṣallūna biṣalāti qāriʾihim. qāla ʿumaru: “niʿma l-bidʿatu haḏihi, wallatī yanāmūna ʿanhā ʾafḍalu mina llatī yaqūmūna.” yurīdu ʾāḵira l-layli, wakāna n-nāsu yaqūmūna ʾawwalahu.”

     From ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Qārī, [it was related] that he [ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Qārī] said, "I went out with ʿUmar ibn al-Ḵaṭṭāb, may Allah be pleased with him, on some night in Ramaḍān to the mosque, and the people meanwhile were knots, sitting apart, each man praying alone or before some covey. 'I suspect,' ʿUmar said, 'if I gathered these people together behind one reciter, it would be more ideal.' Thus, he resolved to it, and called them together behind ʾUbay ibn Kaʿb. Thereafter, I went out with him another night, and the people were praying behind one reciter. 'Ah!' he said, 'what an excellent innovation this is! And the one they sleep through is better than that which they rise to', meaning the end of the nighttime, as people would rise up at its start."

Declension

Declension of noun بِدْعَة (bidʿa)

Singular	singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بِدْعَة bidʿa	الْبِدْعَة‎ al-bidʿa	بِدْعَة bidʿat
Nominative	بِدْعَةٌ bidʿatun	الْبِدْعَةُ‎ al-bidʿatu	بِدْعَةُ bidʿatu
Accusative	بِدْعَةً bidʿatan	الْبِدْعَةَ‎ al-bidʿata	بِدْعَةَ bidʿata
Genitive	بِدْعَةٍ bidʿatin	الْبِدْعَةِ‎ al-bidʿati	بِدْعَةِ bidʿati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بِدْعَتَيْن‎ bidʿatayn	الْبِدْعَتَيْن‎ al-bidʿatayn	بِدْعَتَيْ‎ bidʿatay
Nominative	بِدْعَتَانِ‎ bidʿatāni	الْبِدْعَتَانِ‎ al-bidʿatāni	بِدْعَتَا‎ bidʿatā
Accusative	بِدْعَتَيْنِ‎ bidʿatayni	الْبِدْعَتَيْنِ‎ al-bidʿatayni	بِدْعَتَيْ‎ bidʿatay
Genitive	بِدْعَتَيْنِ‎ bidʿatayni	الْبِدْعَتَيْنِ‎ al-bidʿatayni	بِدْعَتَيْ‎ bidʿatay
Plural	sound feminine plural‎; basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	بِدْعَات‎‎; بِدَع‎ bidʿāt‎; bidaʿ	الْبِدْعَات‎‎; الْبِدَع‎ al-bidʿāt‎; al-bidaʿ	بِدْعَات‎‎; بِدَع‎ bidʿāt‎; bidaʿ
Nominative	بِدْعَاتٌ‎‎; بِدَعٌ‎ bidʿātun‎; bidaʿun	الْبِدْعَاتُ‎‎; الْبِدَعُ‎ al-bidʿātu‎; al-bidaʿu	بِدْعَاتُ‎‎; بِدَعُ‎ bidʿātu‎; bidaʿu
Accusative	بِدْعَاتٍ‎‎; بِدَعًا‎ bidʿātin‎; bidaʿan	الْبِدْعَاتِ‎‎; الْبِدَعَ‎ al-bidʿāti‎; al-bidaʿa	بِدْعَاتِ‎‎; بِدَعَ‎ bidʿāti‎; bidaʿa
Genitive	بِدْعَاتٍ‎‎; بِدَعٍ‎ bidʿātin‎; bidaʿin	الْبِدْعَاتِ‎‎; الْبِدَعِ‎ al-bidʿāti‎; al-bidaʿi	بِدْعَاتِ‎‎; بِدَعِ‎ bidʿāti‎; bidaʿi

Derived terms

• بِدْعِيّ‎ (bidʿiyy)

Descendants

• Malay: bidaah (“heresy”)