اگر

See also: اکر‎

Persian

Alternative forms

ای‎ (ay, ey) (dialectal)
ار‎ (ar), گر‎ (gar) (poetic)
اگه‎ (age) (colloquial)

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭧𐭲‎ (ḥt /agar/). Compare Parthian 𐭀𐭊‎ (ag).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈaɡaɾ/

(Dari Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈaɡaɾ/

(Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈæɡæɾ/
- (Tehrani) IPA^(key): /ˈæɡe/

(Tajik) IPA^(key): /ˈaɡaɾ/

Conjunction

Iranian Persian	اگر
Dari	اگر
Tajik	агар (agar)

اگر • (agar)

if (used in a hypothetical or conditional statement)
Synonyms: (formal) چنانچه‎ (čenânče), (formal) اگر چنانچه‎ (agar čenânče)
‏‎‎ (more literary)
agar fârsi balad budam in ketâb-râ ne-mi-xaridam.
Had I known Persian [which I did not], I would not have bought this book.
‏‎‎ (more colloquial)
age fârsí balad budam in ketâb-o ne-mi-xaridam.
If I knew Persian [which I did not], I wouldn't have bought this book.
‏‎‎ (more literary)
agar mi-rafti, mohammad-râ mi-didi.
If you had gone [but you did not], you would have seen Mohammad.
‏‎ (more literary)
agar rafte budi, mohammad-râ dide budi.
If you had gone [but you did not], you would have seen Mohammad.
‏‎‎ (more literary)
agar rafte bâši, mohammad-râ mi-didi.
If you had gone [and perhaps you did], you would have seen Mohammad.
‏‎‎ (more literary)
agar be-ravi, mohammad-râ mi-bini.
If you go, you'll see Mohammad.
- 10th century, Poem attributed to Shahid Balkhi:
  ‏اگر غم را چو آتش دود بودی / جهان تاریک ماندی جاودانه‎
  agar ğam-râ čo âtaš dud budi / jahân târik mânadi jâvedâne
  If grief gave off smoke, as fire does / The world would remain forever in the dark.
- late 14th century, Xāja Shams-ud-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, “اگر آن ترک شیرازی به دست آرد دل ما را‎ (Shirazi Turk)”, in دیوان حافظ‎ [Divān of Ḥāfeẓ]:
  ‏اگر آن ترک شیرازی به دست آرد دل ما را‎ / به خال هندویش بخشم سمرقند و بخارا را‎
  agar ân tork-e širâzi be dast ârad del-e mâ-râ / be xâl-e hendu-yaš baxšam samarqand o boxârâ-râ
  If that Shirazi Turk accepts my heart in their hand / for their Indian mole I will give Samarkand and Bukhara.
- c. 1650, Muḥammad Ṭāhir Ğanī Kašmīrī, Mufti Mudasir Farooqi & Nusrat Bazaz, transl., دیوان [Divān]:
  ‏یار تا قتل چنین باشد اگر همراهم / سفر ملک عدم را ز خدا می‌خواهم‎
  yâr tâ qatl čonin bâšad agar hamrâh-am / safar-e molk-e 'adam râ ze xodâ mi-xâham.
  If my love accompanies me to my execution / A journey to the other world, I shall seek from God.
since, given that, if
‏‎‎ (more literary)
agar javâb-râ ne-mi-dâni, čerâ harf mi-zani?
Since you don't know the answer, why are you talking?
‏‎‎ (more colloquial)
age javâb-o ne-mi-duni, čerâ harf mi-zani?
Since you don't know the answer, why are you talking?

Usage notes

(agar) is associated with the following tenses in the verb of the if-clause (protasis):
- When the hypothetical suggests something which cannot have been true in the past or is impossible to be fulfilled in the future, the past imperfect or pluperfect tenses are used for the verbs of both the if-clause and result clause.
- When the hypothetical suggests something which may be fulfilled in the future, the present subjunctive (or sometimes simple past) tense is used for the verb of the if-clause.
- When the hypothetical suggests something which may possibly have been true in the past, the past subjunctive tense is used for the verb of the if-clause.
- When introducing a hypothetical which actually pertains to a real present state, with (agar) having the meaning of "since", the present tense is used for the verb of the if-clause.
- When used with an imperative in the result clause, the imperative is perceived to already imply that the hypothetical holds true, hence the present tense is used for the verb of the if-clause.
(agar) can be omitted, especially colloquially.

Descendants

→ Armenian: ախր (axr)
→ Awadhi: अगर (agar)
→ Azerbaijani: əgər
→ Bashkir: әгәр (ägär)
→ Chuvash: эхер (eh̬er)
→ Dogri: agar
Devanagari: अगर
Dogra: 𑠀𑠌𑠤
→ Gojri: اگر‎ (agar)
→ Gujarati: અગર (agar)
→ Hindustani: agar
Hindi: अगर
Urdu: اَگَرْ‎
- → Phalura:
  Arabic: اگر‎
  Latin: ágar
→ Kazakh: егер (eger)
→ Kumyk: эгер (eger)
→ Kyrgyz: эгер (eger)
→ Lezgi: [script needed] (eger)
→ Maithili: agar
Devanagari: अगर
Tirhuta: 𑒁𑒑𑒩
→ Malvi: अगर (agar)
→ Marathi: अगर (agar)
→ Marwari: agar
Devanagari: अगर (agar)
Mahajani: 𑅐𑅗𑅭 (agr)
→ Oriya: ଅଗର (ôgôrô)
→ Ottoman Turkish: اگر‎‎
- Turkish: eğer
→ Punjabi: agar
Gurmukhi: ਅਗਰ
Shahmukhi: اگَر‎
→ Sindhi: اَگَر‎
→ Tabasaran: [script needed] (eger)
→ Talysh:
→ Tatar: әгәр (ägär)
→ Turkmen: eger
→ Uyghur: ئەگەر‎ (eger)
→ Uzbek: agar
→ Varhadi: अगर (agar)

Urdu

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /ə.ɡəɾ/
Hyphenation: اَ‧گَرْ
Rhymes: -əɾ

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit अगरु (agaru).

Noun

اَگَرْ • (agar) m (Hindi spelling अगर)

agarwood

Declension

Declension of اگر
	singular	plural
direct	اَگَر‎ (agar)	اَگَر‎ (agar)
oblique	اَگَر‎ (agar)	اَگَروں‎ (agarō̃)
vocative	اَگَر‎ (agar)	اَگَرو‎ (agarō)

Derived terms

اَگَرْ بَتِّی‎ (agarbattī)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian ‎ (agar).

Conjunction

اَگَرْ • (agar) (Hindi spelling अगर)

if
‏اَگَرْ مَیں نے یَہ کِیَا ہوتَا تو ...‎‎
agar ma͠i-ne ye kiyā hotā to
If I had done this, then ...
Synonym: (rare) یَدِی‎ (yadī)

Descendants

→ Phalura:
Arabic: اگر‎
Latin: ágar

اگر

Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Usage notes

Descendants

Urdu

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Conjunction

Descendants

Further reading