надо
See also: надо-
Russian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old East Slavic надъ (nadŭ), надо (nado), from Proto-Slavic *nadъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nədə]
- IPA(key): [nədɐ] (before a stressed syllable)
- IPA(key): [ˈnadə] (when stressed)
- IPA(key): [ˈnadɐ] (when stressed and before a stressed syllable)
Preposition
надо • (nado) (+ instrumental case)
- (variant of над (nad) before words beginning with certain awkward consonant clusters such as мн-) above, over
- надо мной ― nado mnoj ― above me
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old East Slavic надо (nado), надобѣ (nadobě), from dative/locative singular of надоба (nadoba), from Proto-Slavic *nadoba, from *na- + *doba.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈnadə]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -adə
- IPA(key): [ˈnaː] (fast or careless speech)
Predicative
на́до • (nádo)
- (one) must, (it is) necessary
- one needs, one wants, one has to
- Synonyms: надлежи́т (nadležít), необходи́мо (neobxodímo), ну́жно (núžno), тре́буется (trébujetsja), сле́дует (slédujet)
- Мнена́до уйти́. ― Mne nádo ujtí. ― I have to leave.
- Так ему́ ина́до! ― Tak jemú i nádo! ― He deserves it!
- на́до бы ― nádo by ― (one) ought to
Usage notes
The word combination, не на́до, is used in combination with imperfective infinitive verbs. For example,
- Нена́до печа́литься. ― Ne nádo pečálitʹsja. ― There is no need to be sad.
- Нена́до держа́ть отве́т. ― Ne nádo deržátʹ otvét. ― There is no need to answer.
- Нена́до бы́лопуга́ть бе́лок. ― Ne nádo býlo pugátʹ bélok. ― There was no need to scare the squirrels.
Не на́до is translated as "can't", "mustn't", "needn't", or "don't" (negative imperative).
Descendants
- → Southern Yukaghir: надо (nado)
- → Yakut: наада (naada)
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “над”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “надо”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*nadъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 15
Southern Yukaghir
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian на́до (nádo).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈnado/
Predicative
надо (nado)
- it is necessary that
References
- Elena Maslova (2003) A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 26
Tundra Nenets
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *nataw.
Noun
надо • (nado)
- brother-in-law
- cousin