лев

See also: Лев

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *lьvъ. Compare also sense of currency to Romanian leu.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [lʲɛf]

Noun

лев • (lev) m

(numismatics) lev (currency of Bulgaria)
(archaic) lion (mammal)
Synonym: (modern) лъв (lǎv)

Declension

Declension of лев

	singular	plural
indefinite	лев lev	ле́вове lévove
definite (subject form)	ле́вът lévǎt	ле́вовете lévovete
definite (object form)	ле́ва léva	ле́вовете lévovete
count form	—	ле́ва léva
vocative form	ле́ве léve	ле́вове lévove

Descendants

→ Danish: lev c
→ English: lev
→ Portuguese: lev m
→ Russian: лев m (lev)
→ Swedish: lev c
→ Ukrainian: лев m (lev)

References

лев in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Institut za bǎlgarski ezik)
лев in Rečnik na bǎlgarskija ezik (Čitanka.Info)

Komi-Zyrian

Лев.

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian лев (lev).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʎeʋ/, [ˈʎeʋ]
Hyphenation: лев

Noun

лев • (lʹev)

lion (Panthera leo)

Declension

Declension of лев (stem: лев-)
		singular	plural
nominative		лев (lʹev)	левъяс (lʹevjas)
accusative	I^*	лев (lʹev)	левъяс (lʹevjas)
accusative	II^*	левӧс (lʹevös)	левъясӧс (lʹevjasös)
instrumental		левӧн (lʹevön)	левъясӧн (lʹevjasön)
comitative		левкӧд (lʹevköd)	левъяскӧд (lʹevjasköd)
caritive		левтӧг (lʹevtög)	левъястӧг (lʹevjastög)
consecutive		левла (lʹevla)	левъясла (lʹevjasla)
genitive		левлӧн (lʹevlön)	левъяслӧн (lʹevjaslön)
ablative		левлысь (lʹevlysʹ)	левъяслысь (lʹevjaslysʹ)
dative		левлы (lʹevly)	левъяслы (lʹevjasly)
inessive		левын (lʹevyn)	левъясын (lʹevjasyn)
elative		левысь (lʹevysʹ)	левъясысь (lʹevjasysʹ)
illative		левӧ (lʹevö)	левъясӧ (lʹevjasö)
egressive		левсянь (lʹevsʹanʹ)	левъяссянь (lʹevjassʹanʹ)
approximative		левлань (lʹevlanʹ)	левъяслань (lʹevjaslanʹ)
terminative		левӧдз (lʹevödzʹ)	левъясӧдз (lʹevjasödzʹ)
prolative	I	левӧд (lʹevöd)	левъясӧд (lʹevjasöd)
prolative	II	левті (lʹevti)	левъясті (lʹevjasti)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Possessive declension of лев

First person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		левӧй (lʹevöj)	левъясӧй (lʹevjasöj)
accusative	I^*	левӧй (lʹevöj)	левъясӧй (lʹevjasöj)
accusative	II^*	левӧс (lʹevös)	левъясӧс (lʹevjasös)
instrumental		левнам (lʹevnam)	левъяснам (lʹevjasnam)
comitative		левӧйкӧд (lʹevöjköd)	левъясӧйкӧд (lʹevjasöjköd)
caritive		левтӧгым (lʹevtögym)	левъястӧгым (lʹevjastögym)
consecutive		левӧйла (lʹevöjla)	левъясӧйла (lʹevjasöjla)
genitive		левӧйлӧн (lʹevöjlön)	левъясӧйлӧн (lʹevjasöjlön)
ablative		левӧйлысь (lʹevöjlysʹ)	левъясӧйлысь (lʹevjasöjlysʹ)
dative		левӧйлы (lʹevöjly)	левъясӧйлы (lʹevjasöjly)
inessive		левам (lʹevam)	левъясам (lʹevjasam)
elative		левсьым (lʹevsʹym)	левъяссьым (lʹevjassʹym)
illative		левам (lʹevam)	левъясам (lʹevjasam)
egressive		левсяньым (lʹevsʹanʹym)	левъяссяньым (lʹevjassʹanʹym)
approximative		левланьым (lʹevlanʹym)	левъясланьым (lʹevjaslanʹym)
terminative		левӧдзым (lʹevödzʹym)	левъясӧдзым (lʹevjasödzʹym)
prolative	I	левӧдым (lʹevödym)	левъясӧдым (lʹevjasödym)
prolative	II	левтіым (lʹevtiym)	левъястіым (lʹevjastiym)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Second person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		левыд (lʹevyd)	левъясыд (lʹevjasyd)
accusative	I^*	левыд (lʹevyd)	левъясыд (lʹevjasyd)
accusative	II^*	левтӧ (lʹevtö)	левъястӧ (lʹevjastö)
instrumental		левнад (lʹevnad)	левъяснад (lʹevjasnad)
comitative		левыдкӧд (lʹevydköd)	левъясыдкӧд (lʹevjasydköd)
caritive		левтӧгыд (lʹevtögyd)	левъястӧгыд (lʹevjastögyd)
consecutive		левыдла (lʹevydla)	левъясыдла (lʹevjasydla)
genitive		левыдлӧн (lʹevydlön)	левъясыдлӧн (lʹevjasydlön)
ablative		левыдлысь (lʹevydlysʹ)	левъясыдлысь (lʹevjasydlysʹ)
dative		левыдлы (lʹevydly)	левъясыдлы (lʹevjasydly)
inessive		левад (lʹevad)	левъясад (lʹevjasad)
elative		левсьыд (lʹevsʹyd)	левъяссьыд (lʹevjassʹyd)
illative		левад (lʹevad)	левъясад (lʹevjasad)
egressive		левсяньыд (lʹevsʹanʹyd)	левъяссяньыд (lʹevjassʹanʹyd)
approximative		левланьыд (lʹevlanʹyd)	левъясланьыд (lʹevjaslanʹyd)
terminative		левӧдзыд (lʹevödzʹyd)	левъясӧдзыд (lʹevjasödzʹyd)
prolative	I	левӧдыд (lʹevödyd)	левъясӧдыд (lʹevjasödyd)
prolative	II	левтіыд (lʹevtiyd)	левъястіыд (lʹevjastiyd)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Third person singular
		singular	plural
nominative		левыс (lʹevys)	левъясыс (lʹevjasys)
accusative	I^*	левыс (lʹevys)	левъясыс (lʹevjasys)
accusative	II^*	левсӧ (lʹevsö)	левъяссӧ (lʹevjassö)
instrumental		левнас (lʹevnas)	левъяснас (lʹevjasnas)
comitative		левыскӧд (lʹevysköd)	левъясыскӧд (lʹevjasysköd)
caritive		левтӧгыс (lʹevtögys)	левъястӧгыс (lʹevjastögys)
consecutive		левысла (lʹevysla)	левъясысла (lʹevjasysla)
genitive		левыслӧн (lʹevyslön)	левъясыслӧн (lʹevjasyslön)
ablative		левыслысь (lʹevyslysʹ)	левъясыслысь (lʹevjasyslysʹ)
dative		левыслы (lʹevysly)	левъясыслы (lʹevjasysly)
inessive		левас (lʹevas)	левъясас (lʹevjasas)
elative		левсьыс (lʹevsʹys)	левъяссьыс (lʹevjassʹys)
illative		левас (lʹevas)	левъясас (lʹevjasas)
egressive		левсяньыс (lʹevsʹanʹys)	левъяссяньыс (lʹevjassʹanʹys)
approximative		левланьыс (lʹevlanʹys)	левъясланьыс (lʹevjaslanʹys)
terminative		левӧдзыс (lʹevödzʹys)	левъясӧдзыс (lʹevjasödzʹys)
prolative	I	левӧдыс (lʹevödys)	левъясӧдыс (lʹevjasödys)
prolative	II	левтіыс (lʹevtiys)	левъястіыс (lʹevjastiys)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

First person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		левным (lʹevnym)	левъясным (lʹevjasnym)
accusative	I^*	левным (lʹevnym)	левъясным (lʹevjasnym)
accusative	II^*	левнымӧ (lʹevnymö)	левъяснымӧ (lʹevjasnymö)
instrumental		левнаным (lʹevnanym)	левъяснаным (lʹevjasnanym)
comitative		левнымкӧд (lʹevnymköd)	левъяснымкӧд (lʹevjasnymköd)
caritive		левтӧгным (lʹevtögnym)	левъястӧгным (lʹevjastögnym)
consecutive		левнымла (lʹevnymla)	левъяснымла (lʹevjasnymla)
genitive		левнымлӧн (lʹevnymlön)	левъяснымлӧн (lʹevjasnymlön)
ablative		левнымлысь (lʹevnymlysʹ)	левъяснымлысь (lʹevjasnymlysʹ)
dative		левнымлы (lʹevnymly)	левъяснымлы (lʹevjasnymly)
inessive		леваным (lʹevanym)	левъясаным (lʹevjasanym)
elative		левсьыным (lʹevsʹynym)	левъяссьыным (lʹevjassʹynym)
illative		леваным (lʹevanym)	левъясаным (lʹevjasanym)
egressive		левсяньыным (lʹevsʹanʹynym)	левъяссяньыным (lʹevjassʹanʹynym)
approximative		левланьыным (lʹevlanʹynym)	левъясланьыным (lʹevjaslanʹynym)
terminative		левӧдзыным (lʹevödzʹynym)	левъясӧдзыным (lʹevjasödzʹynym)
prolative	I	левӧдыным (lʹevödynym)	левъясӧдыным (lʹevjasödynym)
prolative	II	левтіыным (lʹevtiynym)	левъястіыным (lʹevjastiynym)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Second person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		левныд (lʹevnyd)	левъясныд (lʹevjasnyd)
accusative	I^*	левныд (lʹevnyd)	левъясныд (lʹevjasnyd)
accusative	II^*	левнытӧ (lʹevnytö)	левъяснытӧ (lʹevjasnytö)
instrumental		левнаныд (lʹevnanyd)	левъяснаныд (lʹevjasnanyd)
comitative		левныдкӧд (lʹevnydköd)	левъясныдкӧд (lʹevjasnydköd)
caritive		левтӧгныд (lʹevtögnyd)	левъястӧгныд (lʹevjastögnyd)
consecutive		левныдла (lʹevnydla)	левъясныдла (lʹevjasnydla)
genitive		левныдлӧн (lʹevnydlön)	левъясныдлӧн (lʹevjasnydlön)
ablative		левныдлысь (lʹevnydlysʹ)	левъясныдлысь (lʹevjasnydlysʹ)
dative		левныдлы (lʹevnydly)	левъясныдлы (lʹevjasnydly)
inessive		леваныд (lʹevanyd)	левъясаныд (lʹevjasanyd)
elative		левсьыныд (lʹevsʹynyd)	левъяссьыныд (lʹevjassʹynyd)
illative		леваныд (lʹevanyd)	левъясаныд (lʹevjasanyd)
egressive		левсяньыныд (lʹevsʹanʹynyd)	левъяссяньыныд (lʹevjassʹanʹynyd)
approximative		левланьыныд (lʹevlanʹynyd)	левъясланьыныд (lʹevjaslanʹynyd)
terminative		левӧдзыныд (lʹevödzʹynyd)	левъясӧдзыныд (lʹevjasödzʹynyd)
prolative	I	левӧдыныд (lʹevödynyd)	левъясӧдыныд (lʹevjasödynyd)
prolative	II	левтіыныд (lʹevtiynyd)	левъястіыныд (lʹevjastiynyd)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Third person plural
		singular	plural
nominative		левныс (lʹevnys)	левъясныс (lʹevjasnys)
accusative	I^*	левныс (lʹevnys)	левъясныс (lʹevjasnys)
accusative	II^*	левнысӧ (lʹevnysö)	левъяснысӧ (lʹevjasnysö)
instrumental		левнаныс (lʹevnanys)	левъяснаныс (lʹevjasnanys)
comitative		левнымкӧс (lʹevnymkös)	левъяснымкӧс (lʹevjasnymkös)
caritive		левтӧгныс (lʹevtögnys)	левъястӧгныс (lʹevjastögnys)
consecutive		левнысла (lʹevnysla)	левъяснысла (lʹevjasnysla)
genitive		левныслӧн (lʹevnyslön)	левъясныслӧн (lʹevjasnyslön)
ablative		левныслысь (lʹevnyslysʹ)	левъясныслысь (lʹevjasnyslysʹ)
dative		левныслы (lʹevnysly)	левъясныслы (lʹevjasnysly)
inessive		леваныс (lʹevanys)	левъясаныс (lʹevjasanys)
elative		левсьыныс (lʹevsʹynys)	левъяссьыныс (lʹevjassʹynys)
illative		леваныс (lʹevanys)	левъясаныс (lʹevjasanys)
egressive		левсяньыныс (lʹevsʹanʹynys)	левъяссяньыныс (lʹevjassʹanʹynys)
approximative		левланьыныс (lʹevlanʹynys)	левъясланьыныс (lʹevjaslanʹynys)
terminative		левӧдзыныс (lʹevödzʹynys)	левъясӧдзыныс (lʹevjasödzʹynys)
prolative	I	левӧдыныс (lʹevödynys)	левъясӧдыныс (lʹevjasödynys)
prolative	II	левтіыныс (lʹevtiynys)	левъястіыныс (lʹevjastiynys)
^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

References

L. M. Beznosikova; E. A. Ajbabina; R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 343

Macedonian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *lěvъ, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂iwos. Cognate to Latin laevus, Greek λαιός (laiós).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [lɛf]

Adjective

лев • (lev) (superlative најлев)

left
leftist

Declension

Positive forms of лев

	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
indefinite	лев	лева	лево	леви
definite unspecified	левиот	левата	левото	левите
definite proximal	левиов	левава	левово	левиве
definite distal	левион	левана	левоно	левине

Comparative forms of лев

	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
indefinite	—	—	—	—
definite unspecified	—	—	—	—
definite proximal	—	—	—	—
definite distal	—	—	—	—

Superlative forms of лев

	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
indefinite	најлев	најлева	најлево	најлеви
definite unspecified	најлевиот	најлевата	најлевото	најлевите
definite proximal	најлевиов	најлевава	најлевово	најлевиве
definite distal	најлевион	најлевана	најлевоно	најлевине

Antonyms

десен (desen)

Noun

лев • (lev) m

lev (Bulgarian currency)

Declension

Declension of лев

	singular	plural
indefinite	лев	леви
definite unspecified	левот	левите
definite proximal	левов	левиве
definite distal	левон	левине
vocative	леву	леви
count form	—	лева

Russian

Alternative forms

левъ (lev) – Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [lʲef]
Audio (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьvъ, likely a borrowing from a Germanic language, ultimately from Latin leo.

Noun

лев • (lev) m anim (genitive льва, nominative plural львы, genitive plural львов, related adjective льви́ный)

lion
све́тский лев (dated, idiom) ― svétskij lev ― person of high society, who enjoys great success in it (literally, “society lion”)

Declension

Declension of лев (anim masc-form hard-stem accent-b reduc)

	singular	plural
nominative	ле́в lév	львы́ lʹvý
genitive	льва́ lʹvá	льво́в lʹvóv
dative	льву́ lʹvú	льва́м lʹvám
accusative	льва́ lʹvá	льво́в lʹvóv
instrumental	льво́м lʹvóm	льва́ми lʹvámi
prepositional	льве́ lʹvé	льва́х lʹváx

Related terms

львёнок (lʹvjónok)
льви́ца (lʹvíca)
льви́ный (lʹvínyj)

Descendants

→ Ingrian: leva
→ Kildin Sami: левв (l’evv)
→ Komi-Zyrian: лев (lʹev)
→ Ossetian: лев (lev)
→ Veps: lev

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Bulgarian лев (lev), a variant of лъв (lǎv, “lion”).

Noun

лев • (lev) m inan (genitive ле́ва, nominative plural ле́вы, genitive plural ле́вов)

(numismatics) lev (currency of Bulgaria)

Declension

Declension of лев (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	ле́в lév	ле́вы lévy
genitive	ле́ва léva	ле́вов lévov
dative	ле́ву lévu	ле́вам lévam
accusative	ле́в lév	ле́вы lévy
instrumental	ле́вом lévom	ле́вами lévami
prepositional	ле́ве léve	ле́вах lévax

Adjective

лев • (lev)

short masculine singular of ле́вый (lévyj)

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɫɛu̯]
Audio (file)

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *lьvъ.

Noun

лев • (lev) m animal (genitive ле́ва, nominative plural ле́ви, genitive plural ле́вів)

lion

Declension

Declension of лев (animal hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	лев lev	ле́ви lévy
genitive	ле́ва léva	ле́вів léviv
dative	ле́вові, ле́ву lévovi, lévu	ле́вам lévam
accusative	ле́ва léva	ле́ви, ле́вів lévy, léviv
instrumental	ле́вом lévom	ле́вами lévamy
locative	ле́вові, ле́ві lévovi, lévi	ле́вах lévax
vocative	ле́ве léve	ле́ви lévy

Etymology 2

From Bulgarian лев (lev), a variant of лъв (lǎv, “lion”).

Noun

лев • (lev) m inan (genitive ле́ва, nominative plural ле́ви, genitive plural ле́вів)

(numismatics) lev (currency of Bulgaria)

Declension

Declension of лев (inan hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	лев lev	ле́ви lévy
genitive	ле́ва léva	ле́вів léviv
dative	ле́ву lévu	ле́вам lévam
accusative	лев lev	ле́ви lévy
instrumental	ле́вом lévom	ле́вами lévamy
locative	ле́ві lévi	ле́вах lévax
vocative	ле́ве léve	ле́ви lévy

References

Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “лев”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
“лев”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
“лев”, in Словник.ua [Slovnik.ua] (in Ukrainian)