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单词 -ество
释义

-ество

Russian

Alternative forms

  • -ство (-stvo)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьstvo.

Pronunciation

  • -ество: IPA(key): [ʲɪstvə]
  • -ество́: IPA(key): [ʲɪstˈvo]

Suffix

-ество or -ество́ () n

  1. suffix appended to nouns and adjectives to create a neuter noun, usually an abstract noun denoting a relation, social status, scientific discipline, quality or state: -hood, -ness, -ity
    мона́х (monáx, monk) + -ество (-estvo)мона́шество (monášestvo, monkhood, monasticism)
    одино́кий (odinókij, lonely, solitary) + -ество (-estvo)одино́чество (odinóčestvo, loneliness, solitude)
    мно́го (mnógo, many) + -ество (-estvo)мно́жество (mnóžestvo, multitude)
    деви́ца (devíca, girl) + -ество (-estvo)деви́чество (devíčestvo, girlhood)
    князь (knjazʹ, duke) + -ество (-estvo)кня́жество (knjážestvo, duchy)
    вещь (veščʹ, thing) + -ество́ (-estvó)вещество́ (veščestvó, substance, matter)
    бо́жий (bóžij, divine) + -ество́ (-estvó)божество́ (božestvó, deity, divinity)
    пра́здный (prázdnyj, idle) + -ество (-estvo)пра́зднество (prázdnestvo, festivity, celebration) (originally "idleness")
    есть (jestʹ, there is) + -ество́ (-estvó)естество́ (jestestvó, nature, essence)

Usage notes

  • This suffix is used particularly after the hushing consonants ч ж ш щ, which may result from the Slavic first palatalization applied to nouns whose roots end in к/ц г х ск respectively (or which originally ended in one of these consonants, cf. князь (knjazʹ) < Proto-Germanic *kuningaz). It is also occasionally used when impossible clusters would otherwise result, cf. пра́зднество (prázdnestvo) < пра́здный (prázdnyj) and естество́ (jestestvó) from есть (jestʹ).
  • The longer suffix -шество (-šestvo) was generalized through rebracketing of nouns with roots ending in х.

Declension

Derived terms

Russian terms suffixed with -ество
  • -шество (-šestvo)
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