φθορά
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- φθορή (phthorḗ) – Ionic
Etymology
From φθείρω (phtheírō, “ruin, destroy, destruct”) + -η (-ē).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰtʰo.rǎː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /pʰtʰoˈra/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɸθoˈra/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /fθoˈra/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /fθoˈra/
Noun
φθορᾱ́ • (phthorā́) f (genitive φθορᾶς); first declension
- destruction, ruin
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.161
- Herodotus, Histories 7.18
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Vict. 1.5
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 406
- (of persons) death (especially by some divine act, as pestilence)
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.47
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 677a
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 814
- (of animals) loss by death
- PStrassb. 24.26
- (philosophy) passing out of existence, ceasing to be
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 546a
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 95e
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Philebus 55a
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 5.5.229b
- 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 6.6
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.948f
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 96b
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 490e
- 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 23c
- deterioration
- 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Causes of Plants 5.8.2
- loss by deterioration, damage
- seduction
- 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 1.12
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.712c
- 120 CE – 175 CE, Vettius Valens, Anthology 2.37
- 50BC-50AD, Parthenius, Collected Works 35.3
- 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 2.25
- rape
- 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 6.1.6
- abortion, miscarriage
- 50 CE – 150 CE, Soranus, Collected Works 1.56
- Soranus, Collected Works 1.59
- 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 17.800
- gradation of colors in painting
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.346a
- Plutarch, Moralia 2.725c
- Plutarch, Moralia 2.393c
- wasting away
- 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, Aphorisms 7.80
- the tossings of a storm, shipwrecks
- 412 BCE, Euripides, Helen 766
Declension
First declension of ἡ φθορᾱ́; τῆς φθορᾶς (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ φθορᾱ́ hē phthorā́ | τὼ φθορᾱ́ tṑ phthorā́ | αἱ φθοραί hai phthoraí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς φθορᾶς tês phthorâs | τοῖν φθοραῖν toîn phthoraîn | τῶν φθορῶν tôn phthorôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ φθορᾷ têi phthorâi | τοῖν φθοραῖν toîn phthoraîn | ταῖς φθοραῖς taîs phthoraîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν φθορᾱ́ν tḕn phthorā́n | τὼ φθορᾱ́ tṑ phthorā́ | τᾱ̀ς φθορᾱ́ς tā̀s phthorā́s | ||||||||||
Vocative | φθορᾱ́ phthorā́ | φθορᾱ́ phthorā́ | φθοραί phthoraí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Synonyms
- (wasting away): φθόη (phthóē)
Descendants
- Translingual: Phytophthora, Entomophthora
- English: phytophthora
- Greek: φθορά (fthorá)
- → Late Latin: phthora
- Catalan: tora
- → French: phthore, phtore
- English: phthor
- → Russian: фтор (ftor)
- → Armenian: ֆտոր (ftor)
References
- “φθορά”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φθορά”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- φθορά in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- G5356 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- blight idem, page 83.
- corruptibility idem, page 176.
- corruption idem, page 176.
- decay idem, page 199.
- destruction idem, page 218.
- downfall idem, page 249.
- havoc idem, page 389.
- mortality idem, page 541.
- overthrow idem, page 586.
- perdition idem, page 607.
- ruin idem, page 725.
- wasting idem, page 965.
- wreck idem, page 992.
Greek
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fθoˈɾa/
Noun
φθορά • (fthorá) f (plural φθορές)
- wear, wear and tear, abrasion, corrosion
- decay, decline, deterioration
Declension
declension of φθορά
case \\ number | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | φθορά • | φθορές • |
genitive | φθοράς • | φθορών • |
accusative | φθορά • | φθορές • |
vocative | φθορά • | φθορές • |