στρυφνός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

No convincing etymology. Clearly reminiscent of στύφω (stúphō, “to astringe”). Perhaps it derives from the same root, influenced by στριφνός (striphnós, “firm, hard, solid”) or στρηνής (strēnḗs, “hard, harsh”). The comparison with Proto-Germanic *strūbaz (“stiff, rough, bristly”), Lithuanian strùbas (“cut short, curtailed”) and Proto-Slavic *strupъ (“scab, crust of a wound”) is not semantically compelling and therefore uncertain.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /stry.pʰnós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /stryˈpʰnos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /stryˈɸnos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /stryˈfnos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /striˈfnos/

Adjective

στρῠφνός • (struphnós) m (feminine στρῠφνή, neuter στρῠφνόν); first/second declension

sour, bitter, harsh, astringent
(figuratively) harsh, severe, austere

Inflection

First and second declension of στρῠφνός; στρῠφνή; στρῠφνόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	στρῠφνός struphnós	στρῠφνή struphnḗ	στρῠφνόν struphnón	στρῠφνώ struphnṓ	στρῠφνᾱ́ struphnā́	στρῠφνώ struphnṓ	στρῠφνοί struphnoí	στρῠφναί struphnaí	στρῠφνᾰ́ struphná
Genitive	στρῠφνοῦ struphnoû	στρῠφνῆς struphnês	στρῠφνοῦ struphnoû	στρῠφνοῖν struphnoîn	στρῠφναῖν struphnaîn	στρῠφνοῖν struphnoîn	στρῠφνῶν struphnôn	στρῠφνῶν struphnôn	στρῠφνῶν struphnôn
Dative	στρῠφνῷ struphnôi	στρῠφνῇ struphnêi	στρῠφνῷ struphnôi	στρῠφνοῖν struphnoîn	στρῠφναῖν struphnaîn	στρῠφνοῖν struphnoîn	στρῠφνοῖς struphnoîs	στρῠφναῖς struphnaîs	στρῠφνοῖς struphnoîs
Accusative	στρῠφνόν struphnón	στρῠφνήν struphnḗn	στρῠφνόν struphnón	στρῠφνώ struphnṓ	στρῠφνᾱ́ struphnā́	στρῠφνώ struphnṓ	στρῠφνούς struphnoús	στρῠφνᾱ́ς struphnā́s	στρῠφνᾰ́ struphná
Vocative	στρῠφνέ struphné	στρῠφνή struphnḗ	στρῠφνόν struphnón	στρῠφνώ struphnṓ	στρῠφνᾱ́ struphnā́	στρῠφνώ struphnṓ	στρῠφνοί struphnoí	στρῠφναί struphnaí	στρῠφνᾰ́ struphná
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	στρῠφνῶς struphnôs			στρῠφνότερος struphnóteros			στρῠφνότᾰτος struphnótatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

στρυφνότης (struphnótēs)
στρυφνόω (struphnóō)

References

στρυφνός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
στρυφνός in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
στρυφνός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN