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单词 σβέννυμι
释义

σβέννυμι

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

  • σβεννύω (sbennúō)
  • κατα-σβῶσαι (kata-sbôsai)

Etymology

Usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)gʷes- (extinguish, quell).[1] Cognates in this case include Sanskrit जासयति (jāsayati, to exhaust)[1], Lithuanian gesti (to extinguish, to go out), Irish bás (death) and Old Church Slavonic оугасити (ugasiti, to extinguish).[1]

However, Beekes argues that judging by the Hittite [script needed] (kišt-, to be extinguished, perish), as well as by the aberrant σ- in the anlaut and the uncommonness of -σβ- in Greek inherited lexicon, the PIE root should be *ges-, and stem σβέσ- should be separated.

Pronunciation

 
  • (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /zbén.nyː.mi/
  • (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈzben.ny.mi/
  • (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈzβen.ny.mi/
  • (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈzven.ny.mi/
  • (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈzve.ni.mi/

Verb

σβέννῡμῐ (sbénnūmi)

  1. (transitive) I quench, extinguish, put out
    • 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 4.668
    • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.66
    • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 1.6
    • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.77
    1. I dry up
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 522b.25
    2. I quench, quell, check
      • 300 BCE – 250 BCE, Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 3.1349
      • 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 778
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Meteorology 347b.4
      • 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 5.87
      • 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 40
      • 460 BCE – 370 BCE, Hippocrates, περὶ διαίτης ὀξέων 54
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.678
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.621
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 783b
      • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 888a
      • 204 CE – 270 CE, Plotinus, Collected Works 6.4.10
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Lycurgus 20
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1057
  2. (passive, intransitive) I am quenched, I go out
    • 250 CE – 350 CE, Athenaeus, 3 121c
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.471
    1. I dry up
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 587b.28
      • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 590
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.49d
      • Palatine Anthology 9.128
    2. I am quelled, lulled
      • 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Letter to Pompey 4
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.182
      • 213 CE – 273 CE, Cassius Longinus, Collected Works 21.1
      • 170 CE – 250 CE, Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana 1.33
      • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Pompey 8
      • 200 CE – 400 CE, Tryphiodorus, The Taking of Ilios 10
      • Palatine Anthology 7.221

Inflection

Derived terms

  • ἀνᾰσβέννῡμῐ (anasbénnūmi)
  • ἀποσβέννῡμῐ (aposbénnūmi)
  • ἄσβεστος (ásbestos)
  • ἐκσβέννῡμῐ (eksbénnūmi)
  • ἐνσβέννῠμαι (ensbénnumai)
  • ἐπῐσβέννῠμαι (episbénnumai)
  • εὔσβεστος (eúsbestos)
  • κᾰτᾰσβέννῡμῐ (katasbénnūmi)
  • περισβέννῡμῐ (perisbénnūmi)
  • συσβέννῡμῐ (susbénnūmi)
  • κατασβέννῡμῐ (katasbénnūmi)
  • σβέσῐς (sbésis)
  • σβεστήρ (sbestḗr)
  • σβεστήρῐος (sbestḗrios)
  • σβεστῐκός (sbestikós)
  • σβεστός (sbestós)

References

  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161

Further reading

  • σβέννυμι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • σβέννυμι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • σβέννυμι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • G4570 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
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