πτωχός
Ancient Greek
Etymology
According to Beekes, since it is highly probable that πτώξ (ptṓx, “hare”) is related, it is probably a Pre-Greek word, in view of the alternation χ/κ.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ptɔː.kʰós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ptoˈkʰos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ptoˈxos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ptoˈxos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ptoˈxos/
Noun
πτωχός • (ptōkhós) m (genitive πτωχοῦ); second declension
- beggar; one who crouches and cringes
Inflection
Second declension of ὁ πτωχός; τοῦ πτωχοῦ (Attic)
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ πτωχός ho ptōkhós | τὼ πτωχώ tṑ ptōkhṓ | οἱ πτωχοί hoi ptōkhoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ πτωχοῦ toû ptōkhoû | τοῖν πτωχοῖν toîn ptōkhoîn | τῶν πτωχῶν tôn ptōkhôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ πτωχῷ tôi ptōkhôi | τοῖν πτωχοῖν toîn ptōkhoîn | τοῖς πτωχοῖς toîs ptōkhoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν πτωχόν tòn ptōkhón | τὼ πτωχώ tṑ ptōkhṓ | τοὺς πτωχούς toùs ptōkhoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | πτωχέ ptōkhé | πτωχώ ptōkhṓ | πτωχοί ptōkhoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Adjective
πτωχός • (ptōkhós) m (feminine πτωχή, neuter πτωχόν); first/second declension
- poor, beggarly
- Synonym: πένης (pénēs)
Inflection
First and second declension of πτωχός; πτωχή; πτωχόν (Attic)
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | πτωχός ptōkhós | πτωχή ptōkhḗ | πτωχόν ptōkhón | πτωχώ ptōkhṓ | πτωχᾱ́ ptōkhā́ | πτωχώ ptōkhṓ | πτωχοί ptōkhoí | πτωχαί ptōkhaí | πτωχᾰ́ ptōkhá | |||||
Genitive | πτωχοῦ ptōkhoû | πτωχῆς ptōkhês | πτωχοῦ ptōkhoû | πτωχοῖν ptōkhoîn | πτωχαῖν ptōkhaîn | πτωχοῖν ptōkhoîn | πτωχῶν ptōkhôn | πτωχῶν ptōkhôn | πτωχῶν ptōkhôn | |||||
Dative | πτωχῷ ptōkhôi | πτωχῇ ptōkhêi | πτωχῷ ptōkhôi | πτωχοῖν ptōkhoîn | πτωχαῖν ptōkhaîn | πτωχοῖν ptōkhoîn | πτωχοῖς ptōkhoîs | πτωχαῖς ptōkhaîs | πτωχοῖς ptōkhoîs | |||||
Accusative | πτωχόν ptōkhón | πτωχήν ptōkhḗn | πτωχόν ptōkhón | πτωχώ ptōkhṓ | πτωχᾱ́ ptōkhā́ | πτωχώ ptōkhṓ | πτωχούς ptōkhoús | πτωχᾱ́ς ptōkhā́s | πτωχᾰ́ ptōkhá | |||||
Vocative | πτωχέ ptōkhé | πτωχή ptōkhḗ | πτωχόν ptōkhón | πτωχώ ptōkhṓ | πτωχᾱ́ ptōkhā́ | πτωχώ ptōkhṓ | πτωχοί ptōkhoí | πτωχαί ptōkhaí | πτωχᾰ́ ptōkhá | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
πτωχῶς ptōkhôs | πτωχότερος ptōkhóteros | πτωχότᾰτος ptōkhótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- πτωχᾰλᾰζών (ptōkhalazṓn)
- πτωχείᾱ (ptōkheíā)
- πτωχελένη (ptōkhelénē)
- πτωχεύω (ptōkheúō)
- πτωχή (ptōkhḗ)
- πτωχῐ́ζω (ptōkhízō)
- πτωχῐκός (ptōkhikós)
- πτωχῐ́στερος (ptōkhísteros)
- πτωχόμουσος (ptōkhómousos)
- πτωχοποιός (ptōkhopoiós)
- πτωχότης (ptōkhótēs)
- πτωχοτροφεῖον (ptōkhotropheîon)
- πτωχότροφος (ptōkhótrophos)
- πτωχοφᾰνής (ptōkhophanḗs)
- πτωχῶς (ptōkhôs)
- ὑπέρπτωχος (hupérptōkhos)
Descendants
- → English: ptochology
- Greek: φτωχός (ftochós)
- → Italian: pitocco
Further reading
- “πτωχός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πτωχός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πτωχός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πτωχός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- πτωχός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G4434 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- beggar idem, page 70.
- beggarly idem, page 70.
- mendicant idem, page 524.
- tramp idem, page 887.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN