παρά
See also: παρα-, παρά-, πάρα, and Appendix:Variations of "para"
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- πᾰ́ρ (pár) – Epic, Lyric
- πᾰρ’ (par’) – apocopic
- πᾰ́ρᾰ (pára)
- πᾰραί (paraí) – Epic, Poetic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-. Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pa.rá/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /paˈra/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /paˈra/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /paˈra/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /paˈra/
Preposition
πᾰρᾰ́ • (pará) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)
- (+ genitive)
- from
- because of
- (+ dative)
- at, beside, by, near
- μένειν παρὰ τισί ― ménein parà tisí ― to stay at someone's house/home
- (+ accusative)
- contrary to
- beside, by, near (w/ verbs of coming or going; w/ verbs of past motion; w/ verbs of striking or wounding)
- παρ’ ἔμ’ ἵστασο ― par’ ém’ hístaso ― stand by/beside me
Derived terms
- παρα- (para-)
Further reading
- “παρά”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “παρά”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “παρά”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- παρά in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- παρά in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “παρά”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3844 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- παρά in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- against idem, page 18.
- along idem, page 25.
- among idem, page 27.
- at idem, page 48.
- before idem, page 69.
- beside idem, page 75.
- by idem, page 107.
- contrary idem, page 169.
- contravention idem, page 169.
- deposit idem, page 212.
- during idem, page 256.
- except idem, page 288.
- from idem, page 346.
- house idem, page 408.
- next idem, page 557.
- parallel idem, page 591.
- past idem, page 597.
- pay idem, page 600.
- presence idem, page 636.
- reason idem, page 676.
- refer idem, page 684.
- resort idem, page 703.
- rule idem, page 725.
- time idem, page 875.
- to idem, page 878.
- violation idem, page 953.
- visit idem, page 954.
Greek
Alternative forms
- παρ' (par')
Etymology
From Ancient Greek παρά (pará), from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂-.
Preposition
παρά • (pará) (+ accusative)
- despite, in spite of