δίδωμι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dédeh₃ti, reduplicated present of *deh₃- (“to give”). Cognates include Latin dō, Sanskrit ददाति (dádāti), Old Persian 𐎭𐎭𐎠𐎬𐎢𐎺 (d-d-a-tu-u-v /dadātuv/) and Old Armenian տամ (tam).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /dí.dɔː.mi/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈdi.do.mi/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈði.ðo.mi/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈði.ðo.mi/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈði.ðo.mi/

Verb

δίδωμι • (dídōmi)

I give, present, offer
I grant, allow, permit
(perfect active) to allow; (perfect passive) to be allowed
- 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 182e:
  καὶ πρὸς τὸ ἐπιχειρεῖν ἑλεῖν ἐξουσίαν ὁ νόμος δέδωκε τῷ ἐραστῇ θαυμαστὰ ἔργα ἐργαζομένῳ ἐπαινεῖσθαι
  kaì pròs tò epikheireîn heleîn exousían ho nómos dédōke tôi erastêi thaumastà érga ergazoménōi epaineîsthai
  1925 translation by Harold N. Fowler
  and how in his endeavors for success our law leaves [the lover] a free hand for performing such admirable acts as may win him praise
- 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 183b:
  καὶ δέδοται ὑπὸ τοῦ νόμου ἄνευ ὀνείδους πράττειν
  kaì dédotai hupò toû nómou áneu oneídous práttein
  1925 translation by Harold N. Fowler
  by free grant of our law he may behave thus without reproach

Inflection

Present: δῐ́δωμῐ, δῐ́δομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δῐ́δωμῐ	δῐ́δως	δῐ́δωσῐ(ν)	δῐ́δοτον	δῐ́δοτον	δῐ́δομεν	δῐ́δοτε	δῐδόᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	δῐδῶ	δῐδῷς	δῐδῷ	δῐδῶτον	δῐδῶτον	δῐδῶμεν	δῐδῶτε	δῐδῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	δῐδοίην	δῐδοίης	δῐδοίη	δῐδοῖτον, δῐδοίητον	δῐδοίτην, δῐδοιήτην	δῐδοῖμεν, δῐδοίημεν	δῐδοῖτε, δῐδοίητε	δῐδοῖεν, δῐδοίησᾰν
	imperative		δῐ́δου	δῐδότω	δῐ́δοτον	δῐδότων		δῐ́δοτε	δῐδόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	δῐ́δομαι	δῐ́δοσαι	δῐ́δοται	δῐ́δοσθον	δῐ́δοσθον	δῐδόμεθᾰ	δῐ́δοσθε	δῐ́δονται
	subjunctive	δῐδῶμαι	δῐδῷ	δῐδῶται	δῐδῶσθον	δῐδῶσθον	δῐδώμεθᾰ	δῐδῶσθε	δῐδῶνται
	optative	δῐδοίμην	δῐδοῖο	δῐδοῖτο	δῐδοῖσθον	δῐδοίσθην	δῐδοίμεθᾰ	δῐδοῖσθε	δῐδοῖντο
	imperative		δῐ́δοσο	δῐδόσθω	δῐ́δοσθον	δῐδόσθων		δῐ́δοσθε	δῐδόσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		δῐδόναι				δῐ́δοσθαι
participle	m	δῐδούς				δῐδόμενος
	f	δῐδοῦσᾰ				δῐδομένη
	n	δῐδόν				δῐδόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐδῐ́δουν, ἐδῐδόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐδῐ́δουν	ἐδῐ́δους	ἐδῐ́δου	ἐδῐ́δοτον	ἐδῐδότην	ἐδῐ́δομεν	ἐδῐ́δοτε	ἐδῐ́δοσᾰν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐδῐδόμην	ἐδῐ́δοσο	ἐδῐ́δοτο	ἐδῐ́δοσθον	ἐδῐδόσθην	ἐδῐδόμεθᾰ	ἐδῐ́δοσθε	ἐδῐ́δοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: δῐ́δουν, δῐδόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δῐ́δουν	δῐ́δους	δῐ́δου	δῐ́δοτον	δῐδότην	δῐ́δομεν	δῐ́δοτε	δῐ́δοσᾰν
middle/ passive	indicative	δῐδόμην	δῐ́δοσο	δῐ́δοτο	δῐ́δοσθον	δῐδόσθην	δῐδόμε(σ)θᾰ	δῐ́δοσθε	δῐ́δοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: δόσκον, δοσκόμην (Epic iterative)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δόσκον	δόσκες	δόσκε(ν)	δόσκετον	δοσκέτην	δόσκομεν	δόσκετε	δόσκον
middle/ passive	indicative	δοσκόμην	δόσκου	δόσκετο	δόσκεσθον	δοσκέσθην	δοσκόμεθᾰ	δόσκεσθε	δόσκοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: δώσω, δώσομαι, δοθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δώσω	δώσεις	δώσει	δώσετον	δώσετον	δώσομεν	δώσετε	δώσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	δώσοιμῐ	δώσοις	δώσοι	δώσοιτον	δωσοίτην	δώσοιμεν	δώσοιτε	δώσοιεν
middle	indicative	δώσομαι	δώσῃ, δώσει	δώσεται	δώσεσθον	δώσεσθον	δωσόμεθᾰ	δώσεσθε	δώσονται
middle	optative	δωσοίμην	δώσοιο	δώσοιτο	δώσοισθον	δωσοίσθην	δωσοίμεθᾰ	δώσοισθε	δώσοιντο
passive	indicative	δοθήσομαι	δοθήσῃ	δοθήσεται	δοθήσεσθον	δοθήσεσθον	δοθησόμεθᾰ	δοθήσεσθε	δοθήσονται
passive	optative	δοθησοίμην	δοθήσοιο	δοθήσοιτο	δοθήσοισθον	δοθησοίσθην	δοθησοίμεθᾰ	δοθήσοισθε	δοθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		δώσειν			δώσεσθαι		δοθήσεσθαι
participle	m	δώσων			δωσόμενος		δοθησόμενος
	f	δώσουσᾰ			δωσομένη		δοθησομένη
	n	δῶσον			δωσόμενον		δοθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: διδώσω, διδώσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	διδώσω	διδώσεις	διδώσει	διδώσετον	διδώσετον	διδώσομεν	διδώσετε	διδώσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	διδώσοιμῐ	διδώσοις	διδώσοι	διδώσοιτον	διδωσοίτην	διδώσοιμεν	διδώσοιτε	διδώσοιεν
middle	indicative	διδώσομαι	διδώσῃ, διδώσει	διδώσεται	διδώσεσθον	διδώσεσθον	διδωσόμεθᾰ	διδώσεσθε	διδώσονται
middle	optative	διδωσοίμην	διδώσοιο	διδώσοιτο	διδώσοισθον	διδωσοίσθην	διδωσοίμεθᾰ	διδώσοισθε	διδώσοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		διδώσειν			διδώσεσθαι
participle	m	διδώσων			διδωσόμενος
	f	διδώσουσᾰ			διδωσομένη
	n	διδῶσον			διδωσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔδοτον, ἐδόμην, ἐδόθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative				ἔδοτον	ἐδότην	ἔδομεν	ἔδοτε	ἔδοσᾰν
	subjunctive	δῶ	δῷς	δῷ	δῶτον	δῶτον	δῶμεν	δῶτε	δῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	δοίην	δοίης	δοίη	δοῖτον, δοίητον	δοίτην, δοιήτην	δοῖμεν, δοίημεν	δοῖτε, δοίητε	δοῖεν, δοίησᾰν
	imperative		δός	δότω	δότον	δότων		δότε	δόντων
middle	indicative	ἐδόμην	ἔδου	ἔδοτο	ἔδοσθον	ἐδόσθην	ἐδόμεθᾰ	ἔδοσθε	ἔδοντο
	subjunctive	δῶμαι	δῷ	δῶται	δῶσθον	δῶσθον	δώμεθᾰ	δῶσθε	δῶνται
	optative	δοίμην	δοῖο	δοῖτο	δοῖσθον	δοίσθην	δοίμεθᾰ	δοῖσθε	δοῖντο
	imperative		δοῦ	δόσθω	δόσθον	δόσθων		δόσθε	δόσθων
passive	indicative	ἐδόθην	ἐδόθης	ἐδόθη	ἐδόθητον	ἐδοθήτην	ἐδόθημεν	ἐδόθητε	ἐδόθησᾰν
	subjunctive	δοθῶ	δοθῇς	δοθῇ	δοθῆτον	δοθῆτον	δοθῶμεν	δοθῆτε	δοθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	δοθείην	δοθείης	δοθείη	δοθεῖτον, δοθείητον	δοθείτην, δοθειήτην	δοθεῖμεν, δοθείημεν	δοθεῖτε, δοθείητε	δοθεῖεν, δοθείησᾰν
	imperative		δόθηθῐ	δοθήτω	δόθητον	δοθήτων		δόθητε	δοθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		δοῦναι			δόσθαι		δοθῆναι
participle	m	δούς			δόμενος		δοθείς
	f	δοῦσᾰ			δομένη		δοθεῖσᾰ
	n	δόν			δόμενον		δοθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔδοτον, ἐδόμην, ἐδόθην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative				ἔδοτον	ἐδότην	ἔδομεν	ἔδοτε	ἔδοσᾰν
	subjunctive	δῶ, δῶμῐ	δῷς, δῷσθᾰ	δώῃ, δώῃσι, δῷσι	δῶτον	δῶτον	δῶμεν, δώομεν	δῶτε	δῶσι, δώωσι
	optative	δοίην	δοίης	δοίη	δοῖτον	δοίτην	δοῖμεν	δοῖτε	δοῖεν
	imperative		δός	δότω	δότον	δότων		δότε	δόντων
middle	indicative	ἐδόμην	ἔδου	ἔδοτο	ἔδοσθον	ἐδόσθην	ἐδόμε(σ)θᾰ	ἔδοσθε	ἔδοντο
	subjunctive	δῶμαι, δῶμαιμῐ	δῷ, δῷ	δῶται, δῶταισῐ	δῶσθον	δῶσθον	δώμε(σ)θᾰ	δῶσθε	δῶνται
	optative	δοίμην	δοῖο	δοῖτο	δοῖσθον	δοίσθην	δοίμε(σ)θᾰ	δοῖσθε	δοίᾰτο
	imperative		δοῦ	δόσθω	δόσθον	δόσθων		δόσθε	δόσθων
passive	indicative	ἐδόθην	ἐδόθης	ἐδόθη	ἐδόθητον	ἐδοθήτην	ἐδόθημεν	ἐδόθητε	ἐδόθησᾰν
	subjunctive	δοθῶ, δοθῶμῐ	δοθῇς, δοθῇσθᾰ	δοθῇ, δοθῇσῐ	δοθῆτον	δοθῆτον	δοθῶμεν	δοθῆτε	δοθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	δοθείην	δοθείης	δοθείη	δοθεῖτον, δοθείητον	δοθείτην, δοθειήτην	δοθεῖμεν, δοθείημεν	δοθεῖτε, δοθείητε	δόθειεν, δοθείησᾰν
	imperative		δόθηθῐ	δοθήτω	δόθητον	δοθήτων		δόθητε	δοθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		δόμεν(αι)			δόσθαι		δοθῆναι
participle	m	δούς			δόμενος		δοθείς
	f	δοῦσᾰ			δομένη		δοθεῖσᾰ
	n	δόν			δόμενον		δοθέν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: δότον, δόμην, δόθην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative				δότον	δότην	δόμεν	δότε	δόσᾰν
middle	indicative	δόμην	δοῦ	δότο	δόσθον	δόσθην	δόμε(σ)θᾰ	δόσθε	δόντο
passive	indicative	δόθην	δόθης	δόθη	δόθητον	δοθήτην	δόθημεν	δόθητε	δόθησᾰν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἔδωκᾰ, ἐδωκᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔδωκᾰ	ἔδωκᾰς	ἔδωκε(ν)	ἐδώκᾰτον	ἐδωκᾰ́την	ἐδώκᾰμεν	ἐδώκᾰτε	ἔδωκᾰν
middle	indicative	ἐδωκᾰ́μην	ἐδώκω	ἐδώκᾰτο	ἐδώκᾰσθον	ἐδωκᾰ́σθην	ἐδωκᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐδώκᾰσθε	ἐδώκᾰντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: δῶκᾰ, δωκᾰ́μην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δῶκᾰ	δῶκᾰς	δῶκε(ν)	δώκᾰτον	δωκᾰ́την	δώκᾰμεν	δώκᾰτε	δῶκᾰν
middle	indicative	δωκᾰ́μην	δώκω	δώκᾰτο	δώκᾰσθον	δωκᾰ́σθην	δωκᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ	δώκᾰσθε	δώκᾰντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: δέδωκᾰ, δέδομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	δέδωκᾰ	δέδωκᾰς	δέδωκε(ν)	δεδώκᾰτον	δεδώκᾰτον	δεδώκᾰμεν	δεδώκᾰτε	δεδώκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	δεδώκω	δεδώκῃς	δεδώκῃ	δεδώκητον	δεδώκητον	δεδώκωμεν	δεδώκητε	δεδώκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	δεδώκοιμῐ, δεδωκοίην	δεδώκοις, δεδωκοίης	δεδώκοι, δεδωκοίη	δεδώκοιτον	δεδωκοίτην	δεδώκοιμεν	δεδώκοιτε	δεδώκοιεν
	imperative		δέδωκε	δεδωκέτω	δεδώκετον	δεδωκέτων		δεδώκετε	δεδωκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	δέδομαι	δέδοσαι	δέδοται	δέδοσθον	δέδοσθον	δεδόμεθᾰ	δέδοσθε	δέδονται
	subjunctive	δεδομένος ὦ	δεδομένος ᾖς	δεδομένος ᾖ	δεδομένω ἦτον	δεδομένω ἦτον	δεδομένοι ὦμεν	δεδομένοι ἦτε	δεδομένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	δεδομένος εἴην	δεδομένος εἴης	δεδομένος εἴη	δεδομένω εἴητον/εἶτον	δεδομένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	δεδομένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	δεδομένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	δεδομένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		δέδοσο	δεδόσθω	δέδοσθον	δεδόσθων		δέδοσθε	δεδόσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		δεδωκέναι				δεδόσθαι
participle	m	δεδωκώς				δεδομένος
	f	δεδωκυῖᾰ				δεδομένη
	n	δεδωκός				δεδομένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Pluperfect: ἐδεδώκειν, ἐδεδόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐδεδώκειν, ἐδεδώκη	ἐδεδώκεις, ἐδεδώκης	ἐδεδώκει(ν)	ἐδεδώκετον	ἐδεδωκέτην	ἐδεδώκεμεν	ἐδεδώκετε	ἐδεδώκεσᾰν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐδεδόμην	ἐδέδοσο	ἐδέδοτο	ἐδέδοσθον	ἐδεδόσθην	ἐδεδόμεθᾰ	ἐδέδοσθε	ἐδέδοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἀναδίδωμι (anadídōmi)
ἀντιδίδωμι (antidídōmi)
ἀποδίδωμι (apodídōmi)
Ἀπολλόδοτος (Apollódotos)
διαδίδωμι (diadídōmi)
ἐκδίδωμι (ekdídōmi)
ἐνδίδωμι (endídōmi)
ἐπιδίδωμι (epidídōmi)
Ἡρόδοτος (Hēródotos)
Θεόδοτος (Theódotos)
καταδίδωμι (katadídōmi)
μεταδίδωμι (metadídōmi)
παραδίδωμι (paradídōmi)
περιδίδωμι (peridídōmi)
προδίδωμι (prodídōmi)
προσδίδωμι (prosdídōmi)
συνδίδωμι (sundídōmi)
ὑπερδίδωμι (huperdídōmi)
ὑποδίδωμι (hupodídōmi)

Descendants

Byzantine Greek: δίδω (dídō)
- Greek: δίδω (dído), δίνω (díno), (Cypriot) διώ (dió), δκίω (dkío), γιώ (gió)
- Pontic Greek: δώρημαν (dóriman) (participle), δότας (dótas) (participle)

References

“δίδωμι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“δίδωμι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“δίδωμι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
δίδωμι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
δίδωμι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
δίδωμι in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
“δίδωμι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G1325 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Basic Lexicon of Ancient Greek, I.N. Karazis, ed.,, «δίδωμι». Retrieved 3 July, 2015.