βαρύς
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *gʷarus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us. Cognate to Sanskrit गुरु (gurú), Latin gravis.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ba.rýs/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /baˈrys/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /βaˈrys/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /vaˈrys/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /vaˈris/
Adjective
βᾰρῠ́ς • (barús) m (feminine βᾰρεῖᾰ, neuter βᾰρύ); first/third declension
- heavy, weighty
- Antonyms: ἀβαρής (abarḗs), ἐλαφρός (elaphrós), κοῦφος (koûphos)
- heavy, burdensome, oppressive
- deep, hollow, loud (voice)
- grievous, troublesome, painful
- unwholesome
- hard, cruel
- strong, mighty
Declension
First and third declension of βᾰρῠ́ς; βᾰρεῖᾰ; βᾰρῠ́ (Attic)
| Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
| Nominative | βᾰρῠ́ς barús | βᾰρεῖᾰ bareîa | βᾰρῠ́ barú | βᾰρέε barée | βᾰρείᾱ bareíā | βᾰρέε barée | βᾰρεῖς bareîs | βᾰρεῖαι bareîai | βᾰρέᾰ baréa | |||||
| Genitive | βᾰρέος baréos | βᾰρείᾱς bareíās | βᾰρέος baréos | βᾰρέοιν baréoin | βᾰρείαιν bareíain | βᾰρέοιν baréoin | βᾰρέων baréōn | βᾰρειῶν bareiôn | βᾰρέων baréōn | |||||
| Dative | βᾰρεῖ bareî | βᾰρείᾳ bareíāi | βᾰρεῖ bareî | βᾰρέοιν baréoin | βᾰρείαιν bareíain | βᾰρέοιν baréoin | βᾰρέσῐ / βᾰρέσῐν barési(n) | βᾰρείαις bareíais | βᾰρέσῐ / βᾰρέσῐν barési(n) | |||||
| Accusative | βᾰρῠ́ν barún | βᾰρεῖᾰν bareîan | βᾰρῠ́ barú | βᾰρέε barée | βᾰρείᾱ bareíā | βᾰρέε barée | βᾰρεῖς bareîs | βᾰρείᾱς bareíās | βᾰρέᾰ baréa | |||||
| Vocative | βᾰρῠ́ barú | βᾰρεῖᾰ bareîa | βᾰρῠ́ barú | βᾰρέε barée | βᾰρείᾱ bareíā | βᾰρέε barée | βᾰρεῖς bareîs | βᾰρεῖαι bareîai | βᾰρέᾰ baréa | |||||
| Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
| βᾰρέως baréōs | βᾰρῠ́τερος barúteros | βᾰρῠ́τᾰτος barútatos | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Derived terms
- βᾰρεῖᾰ (bareîa)
- βάρημα (bárēma)
- βᾰρῠ́νω (barúnō)
- βᾰρῠ́της (barútēs)
- βᾰρῠ́τονος (barútonos)
Descendants
- Greek: βαρύς (varýs)
Further reading
- “βαρύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “βαρύς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “βαρύς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- βαρύς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- βαρύς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- βαρύς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2023)
- “βαρύς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G926 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- aggravating idem, page 18.
- annoying idem, page 31.
- bass idem, page 64.
- bitter idem, page 80.
- burdensome idem, page 104.
- crushing idem, page 187.
- cumbersome idem, page 189.
- deep idem, page 203.
- dingy idem, page 225.
- disagreeable idem, page 227.
- discomfortable idem, page 230.
- disgusting idem, page 233.
- dismal idem, page 235.
- distasteful idem, page 241.
- distressing idem, page 242.
- dreary idem, page 252.
- dull idem, page 256.
- embarrassing idem, page 266.
- fatiguing idem, page 310.
- galling idem, page 353.
- grave idem, page 371.
- grievous idem, page 373.
- harassing idem, page 385.
- hard idem, page 385.
- harrowing idem, page 387.
- harsh idem, page 387.
- hateful idem, page 388.
- heavy idem, page 393.
- horrid idem, page 406.
- inconvenient idem, page 430.
- inert idem, page 436.
- insufferable idem, page 447.
- intolerable idem, page 454.
- intrusive idem, page 455.
- irksome idem, page 459.
- killing idem, page 469.
- laborious idem, page 472.
- loathsome idem, page 496.
- massive idem, page 516.
- melancholy idem, page 524.
- miserable idem, page 533.
- monotonous idem, page 539.
- mournful idem, page 544.
- muffled idem, page 545.
- nasty idem, page 551.
- noisome idem, page 559.
- objectionable idem, page 565.
- obnoxious idem, page 566.
- odious idem, page 569.
- offensive idem, page 571.
- onerous idem, page 574.
- oppressive idem, page 577.
- painful idem, page 589.
- ponderous idem, page 626.
- repellent idem, page 696.
- repugnant idem, page 699.
- sad idem, page 730.
- sepulchral idem, page 754.
- serious idem, page 754.
- severe idem, page 759.
- shocking idem, page 767.
- sore idem, page 794.
- sorrowful idem, page 795.
- stern idem, page 816.
- strong idem, page 827.
- teasing idem, page 859.
- tedious idem, page 859.
- thankless idem, page 863.
- tiresome idem, page 878.
- tiring idem, page 878.
- toilsome idem, page 880.
- torturing idem, page 884.
- tragic idem, page 886.
- trying idem, page 899.
- unacceptable idem, page 906.
- unbending idem, page 908.
- uncomfortable idem, page 910.
- uncongenial idem, page 910.
- uneasy idem, page 916.
- ungentle idem, page 919.
- ungracious idem, page 919.
- ungrateful idem, page 920.
- unpleasant idem, page 927.
- unsatisfactory idem, page 931.
- vexatious idem, page 950.
- vile idem, page 952.
- wearisome idem, page 970.
- weighty idem, page 973.
- woeful idem, page 986.
- wretched idem, page 993.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), from Proto-Hellenic *gʷarus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us.
Adjective
βαρύς • (varýs) m (feminine βαριά or βαρεία, neuter βαρύ)
- heavy, weighty
- harsh, strong
Declension
Declension of βαρύς
| number case \\ gender | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | βαρύς • | βαρεία • | βαρύ • | βαρείς • | βαρείες • | βαρέα • |
| genitive | βαρέος • / βαρύ • | βαρείας • | βαρύ • / βαρέος • | βαρέων • | βαρειών • | βαρέων • |
| accusative | βαρύ • | βαρεία • | βαρύ • | βαρείς • | βαρείες • | βαρέα • |
| vocative | βαρύ • | βαρεία • | βαρύ • | βαρείς • | βαρείες • | βαρέα • |
| derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο βαρύς, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο βαρύς, etc.) | |||||
Declension of βαρύς
| number case \\ gender | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | βαρύς • | βαριά • | βαρύ • | βαριοί • | βαριές • | βαριά • |
| genitive | βαριού • / βαρύ • | βαριάς • | βαριού • / βαρύ • | βαριών • | βαριών • | βαριών • |
| accusative | βαρύ • | βαριά • | βαρύ • | βαριούς • | βαριές • | βαριά • |
| vocative | βαρύ • | βαριά • | βαρύ • | βαριοί • | βαριές • | βαριά • |
| derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο βαρύς, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο βαρύς, etc.) | |||||
Degrees of comparison by suffixation
| comparative | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | βαρύτερος • | βαρύτερη • | βαρύτερο • | βαρύτεροι • | βαρύτερες • | βαρύτερα • |
| genitive | βαρύτερου • | βαρύτερης • | βαρύτερου • | βαρύτερων • | βαρύτερων • | βαρύτερων • |
| accusative | βαρύτερο • | βαρύτερη • | βαρύτερο • | βαρύτερους • | βαρύτερες • | βαρύτερα • |
| vocative | βαρύτερε • | βαρύτερη • | βαρύτερο • | βαρύτεροι • | βαρύτερες • | βαρύτερα • |
| derivations | relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο βαρύτερος", etc) | |||||
| Absolute superlative | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
| nominative | βαρύτατος • | βαρύτατη • | βαρύτατο • | βαρύτατοι • | βαρύτατες • | βαρύτατα • |
| genitive | βαρύτατου • | βαρύτατης • | βαρύτατου • | βαρύτατων • | βαρύτατων • | βαρύτατων • |
| accusative | βαρύτατο • | βαρύτατη • | βαρύτατο • | βαρύτατους • | βαρύτατες • | βαρύτατα • |
| vocative | βαρύτατε • | βαρύτατη • | βαρύτατο • | βαρύτατοι • | βαρύτατες • | βαρύτατα • |
Related terms
- βαρύς γλυκός (varýs glykós, “very sweet”)
- antonyms ελαφρύς (elafrýs)
- and see: βάρος n (város, “weight, mass”)
Further reading
- βαρύς - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.