étouper
French
Etymology
Recorded in Old French as estoper, estuper. From Vulgar Latin *stuppāre, from Latin stuppa. Equivalent to étoupe + -er. Compare Occitan estopar, Italian stoppare, Old Spanish estopar; cf. also Romanian astupa, Romansh stuppar, Venetian stupar, Sicilian stuppari.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
étouper
- to caulk (block using oakum or by extension another similar material)
Conjugation
Conjugation of étouper (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | étouper | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | étoupant /e.tu.pɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | étoupé /e.tu.pe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | étoupe /e.tup/ | étoupes /e.tup/ | étoupe /e.tup/ | étoupons /e.tu.pɔ̃/ | étoupez /e.tu.pe/ | étoupent /e.tup/ |
| imperfect | étoupais /e.tu.pɛ/ | étoupais /e.tu.pɛ/ | étoupait /e.tu.pɛ/ | étoupions /e.tu.pjɔ̃/ | étoupiez /e.tu.pje/ | étoupaient /e.tu.pɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | étoupai /e.tu.pe/ | étoupas /e.tu.pa/ | étoupa /e.tu.pa/ | étoupâmes /e.tu.pam/ | étoupâtes /e.tu.pat/ | étoupèrent /e.tu.pɛʁ/ | |
| future | étouperai /e.tu.pʁe/ | étouperas /e.tu.pʁa/ | étoupera /e.tu.pʁa/ | étouperons /e.tu.pʁɔ̃/ | étouperez /e.tu.pʁe/ | étouperont /e.tu.pʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | étouperais /e.tu.pʁɛ/ | étouperais /e.tu.pʁɛ/ | étouperait /e.tu.pʁɛ/ | étouperions /e.tu.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ | étouperiez /e.tu.pə.ʁje/ | étouperaient /e.tu.pʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | étoupe /e.tup/ | étoupes /e.tup/ | étoupe /e.tup/ | étoupions /e.tu.pjɔ̃/ | étoupiez /e.tu.pje/ | étoupent /e.tup/ |
| imperfect2 | étoupasse /e.tu.pas/ | étoupasses /e.tu.pas/ | étoupât /e.tu.pa/ | étoupassions /e.tu.pa.sjɔ̃/ | étoupassiez /e.tu.pa.sje/ | étoupassent /e.tu.pas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | étoupe /e.tup/ | — | étoupons /e.tu.pɔ̃/ | étoupez /e.tu.pe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
- étouper
- détouper
Further reading
- “étouper”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.