vir

See also: Vir, VIR, viř, vír, Vir., -vir-, and вир

Afrikaans

Alternative forms

ver (archaic)
vi (Cape Afrikaans)
vi' (Cape Afrikaans)

Etymology

From Dutch voor (“for; before”) or rather the dialectal variant veur (compare deur with Dutch door). The Afrikaans distinction between vir (“for”) and voor (“before”) may have been influenced by corresponding German für and vor.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fər/, [fɨr]
audio (file)

Preposition

vir

for
Dit is vir jou! ― It is for you!
Used to indicate the addressee of a communicative act.
Sy roep vir haar sussie. ― She is calling to her little sister.
Amen, sê ek vir julle. ― Amen, I say to you.
Die ou man het gesein vir die motorbestuurder. ― The old man signalled to the car driver.
Direct object marker.
Die vrou moer vir die inbreker toe met 'n hamer. ― The woman then whacked the burglar with a hammer.

Derived terms

virrie

Related terms

voor

Baure

Noun

vir

wind

Czech

Alternative forms

virus

Etymology

Borrowed from modern European languages, English virus, French virus, German Virus, which are all from Latin virus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈvɪr]

Noun

vir m

virus

Declension

Declension of vir

	singular	plural
nominative	vir	viry
genitive	viru	virů
dative	viru	virům
accusative	vir	viry
vocative	vire	viry
locative	viru	virech
instrumental	virem	viry

Derived terms

antivir
virový

Related terms

virus

Galician

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈbiːɾ]

Etymology 1

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese vĩir, from Latin venīre, present active infinitive of veniō.

Verb

vir (first-person singular present veño, first-person singular preterite vin, past participle vido)

to come
Antonym: ir
first-person and third-person singular personal infinitive of vir

Conjugation

Conjugation of vir

	singular			plural
person	first	second	third	first	second	third
Infinitive	eu	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
impersonal	vir
personal	vir	vires	vir	virmos	virdes	viren
Gerund
	vindo
Past participle	singular			plural
masculine	vindo, vido			vindos, vidos
feminine	vinda, vida			vindas, vidas
Indicative	eu	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
present	veño	vés	vén	vimos	vindes, vides	veñen
imperfect	viña	viñas	viña	viñamos	viñades	viñan
preterite	vín	viñeches	veu	viñemos	viñestes	viñeron
pluperfect	viñera	viñeras	viñera	viñeramos	viñerades	viñeran
future	virei	virás	virá	viremos	viredes	virán
conditional	viría	virías	viría	viriamos	viriades	virían
Subjunctive	eu	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
present	veña	veñas	veña	veñamos	veñades	veñan
preterite	viñese	viñeses	viñese	viñésemos	viñésedes	viñesen
future	viñer	viñeres	viñer	viñermos	viñerdes	viñeren
Imperative	–	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
affirmative	–	ven	[Term?]	[Term?]	vinde, vide	[Term?]
negative	–	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]	[Term?]

Related terms

advir
avir
contravir
convir
desavir
desconvir
devir
intervir
previr
provir
reconvir
sobrevir

Etymology 2

Inflected form of ver (“to see”).

Verb

vir

first-person and third-person singular future subjunctive of ver

References

“viir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
“vir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
“vir” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
“vir” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *wiros, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós. Cognates include Sanskrit वीर (vīrá), Old Prussian wijrs, Lithuanian vyras, Latvian vīrs, Old Irish fer, Old Norse verr, Ossetian ир (ir, “Ossetians”) and Old English wer (English were-).

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /u̯ir/, [u̯ɪr]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /vir/, [vir]
Audio (Classical) (file)

Noun

vir m (genitive virī); second declension

man in the sense of "adult male human": adult, mature or grown man
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.1:
  Arma virumque cano.
  I sing of arms and a man.
brave or courageous man, hero, warrior
husband
(military) foot soldier

Usage notes

Vir has the sense of adult male human being. In reference to age or maturity, it is used in opposition to puer (“boy”); in reference to gender or sex, it is used in opposition to or coordination with fēmina or mulier (“woman”). In the context of ancient Roman society, vir connoted a man of freeborn status rather than an enslaved man or freedman.[1] "Man" in the sense of "human being" is rendered by Latin homō (e.g., as opposed to bēstia (“beast”) or deus (“god”)); in the sense of male, by Latin mās (as opposed to fēmina (“female”)).

Declension

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -r).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	vir	virī
Genitive	virī	virōrum
Dative	virō	virīs
Accusative	virum	virōs
Ablative	virō	virīs
Vocative	vir	virī

The genitive plural may also be virum, virûm.

Hypernyms

(adult male human): homō (“human being”); mās

Derived terms

centumvir
decemvir
duumvir
octōvir
quinquevir
sēmivir
septemvir
sexvir
triumvir
vira
viragō
virātus
virīlis
virlupus
virtūs

References

Hagelin, L. (2020), "Homo inter homines sum. The importance of age for freedmen's construction of masculinity in Late Republican and Early Imperial Rome", page 131

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /fiːʀ/, [ˈfiː.ɐ], [fiə̯]
Homophone: fir

Adverb

vir

ahead, at the front, at the fore

Derived terms

hannevir
virun

Related terms

vir-

Northern Kurdish

Pronoun

vir

here

Alternative forms

virr

Noun

vir ?[1]

lie
vir kirin ― to lie
vir kirin nav rûya ― to lie to one's eyes, lie blatantly

Derived terms

virek (“lier”)
virekî (“lie, lying”)
viridîk

References

Kurdojev, K. K. (1960), “vir II”, in Kurdsko-russkij slovarʹ [Kurdish–Russian Dictionary], Moscow: Gosudarstvennoje izdatelʹstvo inostrannyx i nacionalʹnyx slovarej, page 781b

Old Swedish

Alternative forms

vī

Etymology

From Old East Norse *wīʀ, (compare Old West Norse vér), from Proto-Germanic *wīz.

Pronoun

vīr

we

Declension

Old Swedish personal pronouns

singular
	first person	second person	reflexive	third person
				masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	iak, iæk	þū	—	han	hōn	þæt
accusative	mik	þik	sik	han	hana, hōna	þæt
dative	mǣ(r), mik	þǣ(r), þik	sǣ(r), sik	hōnum, hānum	hænni	þȳ, þī
genitive	mīn	þīn	sīn	hans	hænna(r)	þæs
dual
nominative	vit	it	—	—	—	—
accusative	oker	*iker	sik	—	—	—
dative	oker	*iker	sǣr, sik	—	—	—
genitive	okar	*ikar	sīn	—	—	—
plural
nominative	vī(r)	ī(r)	—	þē(r)	þā(r)	þø̄n, þē(n)
accusative	os, ōs	iþer	sik	þā	þā(r)	þø̄n, þē(n)
dative	os, ōs	iþer	sǣr, sik	þēm, þø̄m, þom	þēm, þø̄m, þom	þēm, þø̄m, þom
genitive	vār	iþar	sīn	þēra	þēra	þēra

Descendants

Swedish: vi

Picard

Etymology

From Old French veoir, veir, from earlier vedeir, from Latin vidēre, present active infinitive of videō.

Verb

vir

to see

Piedmontese

Noun

vir m (plural vir)

turn

Related terms

viré

Portuguese

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈvi(ʁ)/ [ˈvi(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈvi(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈvi(ʁ)/ [ˈvi(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈvi(ɻ)/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈviɾ/

(Brazil, non-standard) IPA^(key): /vĩ/
Homophone: vi (Brazil) (with -r dropping)
Hyphenation: vir

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese viir, from earlier Old Portuguese vĩir, from Latin venīre, from Proto-Italic *gʷenjō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷm̥yéti, from zero-grade of *gʷem- + *-yéti.

Related to Spanish and French venir, Italian venire, Romanian veni.

Verb

vir (first-person singular present venho, first-person singular preterite vim, past participle vindo)

(intransitive) to come (to move towards the speaker or the agent)
Ele veio me cumprimentar.
He came to greet me.
(intransitive) to come; to arrive (to reach a destination, especially where the speaker is)
Venha antes das seis se quiser jantar.
Come before six if you want to have dinner.
Synonym: chegar
(intransitive) to come (to manifest itself; to occur)
Os meses vêm e vão.
The months come and go.
(intransitive) to come (to be located in a certain position in a sequence)
A palavra coçar vem depois de cocar no dicionário.
The word coçar comes after cocar in the dictionary.
(transitive with de) to come from; to be from (to have as one’s place of origin)
Eles vêm de vários países.
They come from various countries.
Estas botas são porcarias e baratas porque vêm da China.
These boots are crap and cheap because they are from China.
Synonym: ser de
(transitive with de) to be caused by; to be due to
Meu sofrimento vem das misérias da vida.
My suffering is due to life’s miseries.
(intransitive, or transitive with de) to come back (from); to return (from)
Quando que o pai vem das férias?
When is dad coming back from his vacation?
Synonyms: volta, retornar, tornar
(auxiliary, with a verb in the gerund) have/has been (forms the present perfect progressive aspect)
Eu venho comendo pizza todos os dias.
I have been eating pizza every day.
(auxiliary with a and a verb in the infinitive) to end up (to eventually do)
Meu irmão veio a se tornar padre.
My brother ended up becoming a priest.
Synonym: acabar
(colloquial, intransitive, or transitive with com) to bitch; to whine (to complain, especially unnecessarily)
Não venha com essa.
Stop whining.

Conjugation

Conjugation of vir (irregular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	vir
Personal	vir	vires	vir	virmos	virdes	virem
Gerund
	vindo
Past participle
Masculine	vindo			vindos
Feminine	vinda			vindas
Indicative
Present	venho	vens	vem	vimos	vindes	vêm
Imperfect	vinha	vinhas	vinha	vínhamos	vínheis	vinham
Preterite	vim	vieste	veio	viemos	viestes	vieram
Pluperfect	viera	vieras	viera	viéramos	viéreis	vieram
Future	virei	virás	virá	viremos	vireis	virão
Conditional
	viria	virias	viria	viríamos	viríeis	viriam
Subjunctive
Present	venha	venhas	venha	venhamos	venhais	venham
Imperfect	viesse	viesses	viesse	viéssemos	viésseis	viessem
Future	vier	vieres	vier	viermos	vierdes	vierem
Imperative
Affirmative		vem	venha	venhamos	vinde	venham
Negative (não)		não venhas	não venha	não venhamos	não venhais	não venham

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:vir.

Alternative forms

vim (nonstandard, proscribed)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

vir

first/third-person singular future subjunctive of ver

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ver.

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *virъ.

Noun

vir m (Cyrillic spelling вир)

whirlpool
(regional) source

Declension

Declension of vir

	singular	plural
nominative	vir	virovi
genitive	vira	virova
dative	viru	virovima
accusative	vir	virove
vocative	vire	virovi
locative	viru	virovima
instrumental	virom	virovima

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *virъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʋíːr/

Noun

vȋr m inan

source (of water; e.g. a spring or well)
source, origin

Inflection

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	vír
gen. sing.	víra
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	vír	víra	víri
genitive (rodȋlnik)	víra	vírov	vírov
dative (dajȃlnik)	víru	víroma	vírom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	vír	víra	víre
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	víru	vírih	vírih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	vírom	víroma	víri

vir

Afrikaans

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Preposition

Derived terms

Related terms

Baure

Noun

Czech

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

Galician

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Verb

Conjugation

Related terms

Etymology 2

Verb

References

Latin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Declension

Hypernyms

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

Adverb

Derived terms

Related terms

Northern Kurdish

Pronoun

Alternative forms

Noun

Derived terms

References

Old Swedish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronoun

Declension

Descendants

Picard

Etymology

Verb

Piedmontese

Noun

Related terms

Portuguese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Verb

Conjugation

Quotations

Alternative forms

Etymology 2

Verb

Quotations

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Slovene

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection