tojik
Hungarian
Etymology
Of debated origin:[1]
- Borrowed from a Turkic language.
- From Proto-Uralic *toxe-, with the suffix -ik. Cognate with Proto-Finnic *toodak, Erzya туемс (tujems).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈtojik]
- Hyphenation: to‧jik
- Rhymes: -ojik
Verb
tojik
- (transitive, intransitive) to lay (eggs)
Usage notes
This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. Similarly, the archaic -ék is not possible, either, in the subjunctive or conditional 3rd-person singular forms, i.e. -jék or -nék, only -jon/-jen-jön can appear as their subjunctive 3rd-person singular forms and -na/-ne as their conditional 3rd-person singular forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hullik, (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék.
Conjugation
1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal | 3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal | 1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal | 3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood | Present | Indef. | tojok | tojsz | tojik | tojunk | tojtok | tojnak |
Def. | tojom | tojod | tojja | tojjuk | tojjátok | tojják | ||
2nd-p. o. | tojlak | ― | ||||||
Past | Indef. | tojtam | tojtál | tojt | tojtunk | tojtatok | tojtak | |
Def. | tojtam | tojtad | tojta | tojtuk | tojtátok | tojták | ||
2nd-p. o. | tojtalak | ― | ||||||
Conditional mood | Present | Indef. | tojnék | tojnál | tojna | tojnánk | tojnátok | tojnának |
Def. | tojnám | tojnád | tojná | tojnánk (or tojnók) | tojnátok | tojnák | ||
2nd-p. o. | tojnálak | ― | ||||||
Subjunctive mood | Present | Indef. | tojjak | tojj or tojjál | tojjon | tojjunk | tojjatok | tojjanak |
Def. | tojjam | tojd or tojjad | tojja | tojjuk | tojjátok | tojják | ||
2nd-p. o. | tojjalak | ― | ||||||
Infinitive | tojni | tojnom | tojnod | tojnia | tojnunk | tojnotok | tojniuk | |
Other nonfinite verb forms | Verbal noun | Present participle | Past participle | Future part. | Adverbial part. | Potential | ||
tojás | tojó | tojt | tojandó | tojva | tojhat |
Derived terms
- tojás
- tojásdad
- tojó
(With verbal prefixes):
- betojik
References
- tojik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- tojik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Uzbek
Noun
tojik (plural tojiklar)
- Tajik
Derived terms
- tojikcha