-ta
Afar
Pronunciation 1
- IPA(key): /-tʌ/
Suffix
-ta
- Form of -yta used after nouns ending in consonants.
Declension
Declension of -ta | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | -ta | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | -ta | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | -tí | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | -tí | |||||||||||||||||
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Pronunciation 2
- IPA(key): /-ˈtʌ/
Suffix
-tá
- Form of -ytá used after nouns ending in consonants.
Declension
Declension of -tá | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | -tá | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | -tá | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | -tá | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | -tá | |||||||||||||||||
|
References
- E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 228
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie), Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Basque
Alternative forms
- -da (after -n)
Etymology
From eta (“and”).[1]
Suffix
-ta
- [+perfect participle] Adverbial suffix.
- Guztiz bustita zatoz. ― You're totally soaked.
- Hori esanda, nahi duzuna egin ezazu. ― Having said that, do whatever you want.
References
- “eta” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
Estonian
Suffix
-ta
- suffix for the abessive case, without.
Usage notes
- Suffixed to the genitive singular.
- Often used in conjunction with the preposition ilma, for example ilma soolata "without salt, saltless".
Finnish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak, from Proto-Uralic *-ta- (verbalizer) (see the Proto-Finnic entry for more).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-tɑˣ/, [-t̪ɑ(ʔ)]
Suffix
-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, stem -a-)
- Forms verbs from nouns, generally with a causative, factitive or instrumental meaning.
- kampa (“comb”) + -ta → kammata (“to comb”)
- linko (“sling; centrifuge”) + -ta → lingota (“to hurl, sling, fling”)
Usage notes
- The derivatives belong to the conjugation types no. 73, 74 and 75. The only differences between these three types are the conditional forms, with 74 being a superset of 73 and 75 (allowing both forms of conditional stems). Stems ending in -a are always type 73, while other vowels result in 74 and 75 (with no clear regular pattern).
- Triggers consonant gradation in the root, if applicable.
- Used mainly on bisyllabic vowel-stem nouns. For monosyllabic and consonant-stem nouns, -taa is more common.
- A final -i- in the stem -ta is attached to usually becomes -e-.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Finnic *-t'ak.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-tɑˣ/, [-t̪ɑ(ʔ)]
Suffix
-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä, stem -a-)
- Forms verbs from nouns with a translative or reflexive meaning.
- kato (“disappearance”) + -ta → kadota (“to disappear”)
- raukea (“limp, drowsy”) + -ta → raueta (“to weaken, lapse”)
Usage notes
- The derivatives belong to the conjugation types no. 74, 75 and rarely 73. The only differences between these three types are the conditional forms, with 74 being a superset of 73 and 75 (allowing both forms of conditional stems). Stems ending in -a are always type 73, while other vowels result in 74 and 75 (with no clear regular pattern).
- Triggers consonant gradation in the root, if applicable.
- A final -i- in the stem -ta is attached to usually becomes -e-.
- Largely conflated with etymology 1, as they have fallen together in form.
Derived terms
See also
- -eta
- -ita
Etymology 3
From Proto-Finnic *-ta, a variant form of *-da (whence Finnish -a) that was used when it followed a (secondarily) stressed syllable (suffixal gradation). Ultimately from the Proto-Uralic ablative case *-ta (compare to Moksha -да, -та (-da, -ta) and Erzya -до (-do)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-tɑ/, [-t̪ɑ]
Suffix
-ta (front vowel harmony variant -tä)
- A suffix for the partitive singular case.
Usage notes
- This suffix is used after a long vowel, diphthong or a consonant.
See also
- -a
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [tɒ]
Suffix
-ta
- (personal suffix) Used to form the third-person singular indicative past definite form of verbs.
- olvas (“to read”) → olvasta (“he/she (has/had) read (it)”)
- (verbal-participle suffix) Used to form the verbal participle of verbs, always following the agent noun.
- okoz (“to cause”) → [vihar] okozta [kár] (“[the damage] caused by [a storm]”, literally “storm-caused damage”)
- (noun-forming suffix) Used to form nouns from certain verbs (cf. -ás), incorporating the third-person singular possessive suffix (-a), which can be replaced by other personal possessive suffixes.
- tud (“to know”) → tudta (“his/her knowledge [of something]”)
Usage notes
- (past-tense and verbal-participle suffix) Variants:
- -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs
- -te is added to most front-vowel verbs
- -tta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, rí, szí; ó, ró; fú)
- -tte is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (lő, nő, sző; nyű)
- -otta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, nyit, except lát)
- -ette is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)
- -ötte is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)
- (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
- -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs
- -te is added to most front-vowel verbs
- -ata is added to back-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like hall)
- -ete is added to front-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like kell)
Derived terms
See also
- Category:Hungarian verbal participles
- Category:Hungarian verb forms
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
Igbo
Alternative forms
- -té (neutral tongue position)
Suffix
-tá
- towards, to.
- pụ (“go out”) → pụtá (“come out”)
- chọ́ (“want, seek”) → chọ́tá (“find”)
- to one's advantage, for.
Irish
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Alternative forms
- -tha
Suffix
-ta
- added to nouns to form adjectives
Derived terms
Related terms
- -ga (-da, -dha)
Alternative forms
- -te (slender form)
- -tha, -the
Suffix
-ta
- used to form strong plural forms of nouns
Etymology 3
From Old Irish -ta, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts, whence also Ancient Greek -της (-tēs), Sanskrit -ताति (-tāti), and Latin -tās.
Alternative forms
- -te (slender form)
- -tha, -the
Suffix
-ta
- used to form the past participle of verbs
Derived terms
Alternative forms
- -te, -tha, -the
Suffix
-ta
- genitive singular of -adh (verbal noun suffix)
Kambera
Pronoun
-ta
- first person plural inclusive accusative enclitic
See also
Nominative | Genitive | Accusative | Dative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1sg | ku- | -nggu | -ka | -ngga |
2sg | mu- (u-) | -mu | -kau | -nggau |
3sg | na- | -na | -ya | -nya |
1pl.incl | ta- | -nda | -ta | -nda |
1pl.excl | ma- | -ma | -kama | -nggama |
2pl | mi- (i-) | -mi | -kami (-kai) | -nggami (-nggai) |
3pl | da- | -da | -ha | -nja |
Lakota
Suffix
-ta
- to, at, on, in
- pahá (“hill, butte”) + -ta → paháta (“on the hill, butte”)
- maȟpíya (“sky”) + -ta → maȟpíyata (“in the sky”)
- mní (“water”) + -ta → mniyáta (“at the water”)
Usage notes
Changes to (-ata), (-yata) following vowel.
Latin
Suffix
-ta
- inflection of -tus:
- feminine nominative/vocative singular
- neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural
Suffix
-tā
- feminine ablative singular of -tus
Makasar
Alternative forms
- -nta
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta, from Proto-Austronesian *ta.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ta]
Suffix
-ta (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨈ)
- our (first person plural inclusive)
- your (polite second person singular and plural)
See also
Independent | Absolutive | Nominative | Possessive | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st sg / 1st pl excl | nakke | -a' | ku- | -ku |
1st pl excl (archaic) | kambe | -kang | ki- | -mang |
1st pl incl / 2nd sg polite | katte | -ki' | ki- | -ta |
2nd sg / pl familiar | kau | -ko | nu- | -nu |
3rd sg / pl | ia | -i | na- | -na |
Maquiritari
Alternative forms
- (allomorph after i) -cha
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [-ta]
Suffix
-ta
- Forms intransitive verbs with patient-like arguments from nouns.
Suffix
-ta
- Forms the certain future tense.
Usage notes
Verbs with this suffix take series I person markers.
Derived terms
- (possibly) -tai
Etymology 3
Cognates are found in many other Cariban languages, where they are usually restricted to use with or in place of an imperative marker cognate to -kö. The Maquiritari suffix thus shows a broadened scope of use.
Suffix
-ta
- Directs that the command or request expressed by a verb must be executed somewhere else and not at the place where the order was given.
Usage notes
This suffix immediately precedes the verb’s tense/aspect/mood markers (and so is distinguished from the certain future suffix above). In most cases, it can only appear with one of the three modal markers -kö (imperative), -iye (jussive), and -'ñojo (rogative); however, when used in the imperative singular, it takes the place of the suffix -kö instead of appearing alongside it.
In the plural this suffix takes the form -tan except in the third person, where it does not change. That is, it takes the form -tan when followed by plural -tö.
Derived terms
- -tan
References
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-ta”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 149, 225–226, 234–236
Quechua
Alternative forms
- -kta (historically, after short vowels)
Suffix
-ta
- A suffix for the accusative case. Indicates the direct object of a verb or the goal of a motion verb.
- wasi (“house”) + -ta → wasita (“at the house”)
- mama (“mother”) + -ta → mamaykita (“your mother (direct object)”)
- Used to form adverbs from adjectives.
- allin (“good”) + -ta → allinta (“well”)
Scottish Gaelic
Suffix
-ta
- Alternative form of -te
- 'S leònta mo làmh. ― My hand is wounded.
Derived terms
Somali
Suffix
-ta
- A condition or state
Turkish
Suffix
-ta
- Alternative form of -da (locative suffix) (after an unvoiced consonant).