sál
See also: Appendix:Variations of "sal"
Afitti
Noun
sál
- (Ditti) palm-leaf broom
Synonyms
- éjèl (Afitti)
References
- Alex de Voogt, A sketch of Affiti phonology, in Studies in African Linguistics 38:1 (2009)
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /saːl/
Etymology 1
Borrowed from German Saal.[1][2]
Noun
sál m
- room
- saloon
- hall
- theater (operating theater for surgery)
- Zraněného přivezli na operační sál.
Declension
Declension of sál
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | sál | sály |
| genitive | sálu | sálů |
| dative | sálu | sálům |
| accusative | sál | sály |
| vocative | sále | sály |
| locative | sálu | sálech |
| instrumental | sálem | sály |
Derived terms
- sálový
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
sál
- third-person singular masculine past of sát
References
- Machek, Václav (1968) Etymologický slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 2nd edition edition, Prague: Academia, page 536
- Rejzek, Jiří (2007) Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Version 1.0 edition, Prague: Leda
Further reading
- sál in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- sál in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Hungarian
Etymology
Borrowed from German Schal, from English shawl, from Persian شال (šâl, “shawl, scarf”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈʃaːl]
- Hyphenation: sál
- Rhymes: -aːl
Noun
sál (plural sálak)
- scarf
- shawl
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | sál | sálak |
| accusative | sálat | sálakat |
| dative | sálnak | sálaknak |
| instrumental | sállal | sálakkal |
| causal-final | sálért | sálakért |
| translative | sállá | sálakká |
| terminative | sálig | sálakig |
| essive-formal | sálként | sálakként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | sálban | sálakban |
| superessive | sálon | sálakon |
| adessive | sálnál | sálaknál |
| illative | sálba | sálakba |
| sublative | sálra | sálakra |
| allative | sálhoz | sálakhoz |
| elative | sálból | sálakból |
| delative | sálról | sálakról |
| ablative | sáltól | sálaktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | sálé | sálaké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | sáléi | sálakéi |
| Possessive forms of sál | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | sálam | sáljaim |
| 2nd person sing. | sálad | sáljaid |
| 3rd person sing. | sálja | sáljai |
| 1st person plural | sálunk | sáljaink |
| 2nd person plural | sálatok | sáljaitok |
| 3rd person plural | sáljuk | sáljaik |
Derived terms
- nyaksál
Further reading
- sál in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sauːl/
- Rhymes: -auːl
Etymology 1
From Old Norse sál, from Old English sāwol, from Proto-West Germanic *saiwlu, *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō.
Noun
sál f (genitive singular sálar, nominative plural sálir)
- a soul
- Einar Benediktsson
- Aðgát skal höfð í nærveru sálar.
- Exercise caution in the presence of a soul.
- Aðgát skal höfð í nærveru sálar.
- Blóð er gjaldmiðill sálarinnar.
- Blood is the currency of the soul.
- Einar Benediktsson
Declension
declension of sál
| f-s2 | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | sál | sálin | sálir | sálirnar |
| accusative | sál | sálina | sálir | sálirnar |
| dative | sál | sálinni | sálum | sálunum |
| genitive | sálar | sálarinnar | sála | sálanna |
Etymology 2
Attested since the 16th century; origin uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *sahalō, from the root *seh- (“to cut”), originally denoting a bag sewn from cut-out pieces of skin; or perhaps from *sawalō, related to sjóður (“purse”), or from *saihalō, related to sár (“cask”).
Noun
sál f (genitive singular sálar, nominative plural sálar)
- a skin bag
Declension
declension of sál
| f-s1 | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | sál | sálin | sálar | sálarnar |
| accusative | sál | sálina | sálar | sálarnar |
| dative | sál | sálinni | sálum | sálunum |
| genitive | sálar | sálarinnar | sála | sálanna |
References
- Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans. (Available on Málið.is under the “Eldra mál” tab.)
Anagrams
- lás
- slá
Irish
Pronunciation
- (Munster) IPA(key): /sˠɑːl̪ˠ/
- (Connacht) IPA(key): /sˠɑːlˠ/, /sˠɑːl̪ˠ/
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /sˠaːlˠ/, /sˠaːl̪ˠ/
Noun
sál f pl
- genitive plural of sáil
Noun
sál f (genitive singular sáile, nominative plural sála)
- Alternative form of sáil (“heel”)
Declension
Declension of sál
Second declension
Bare forms
| Forms with the definite article
|
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| sál | shál after an, tsál | not applicable |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “sál”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 38
Old Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /saːl/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Celtic *sālos (whence Welsh hâl (“salty water”)), from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls[1]. Akin to Latin sal and English salt.
Noun
sál m
- salt water, brine, seawater
- (poetic, by extension) sea, ocean
- c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 1132
- sáil-onn .i. cloch sáil
- sea-rock i.e. rock of the sea
- c. 900, Sanas Cormaic, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, Corm. Y 1132
Inflection
| Masculine o-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | sál | — | — |
| Vocative | sáil | — | — |
| Accusative | sálN | — | — |
| Genitive | sáilL | — | — |
| Dative | sálL | — | — |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Alternative forms
- sáile
Descendants
- Irish: sáile
- Scottish Gaelic: sàl
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*salano-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 319
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 sál (‘salt water’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Etymology 2
From Proto-Celtic *stātlā (compare Welsh sawdl), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”).
Noun
sál f
- heel
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 68b7
- sál ― (glosses Latin calx)
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 68b7
Inflection
| Feminine ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | sálL | sáilL | sálaH |
| Vocative | sálL | sáilL | sálaH |
| Accusative | sáilN | sáilL | sálaH |
| Genitive | sáileH | sálL | sálN |
| Dative | sáilL | sálaib | sálaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Derived terms
- sál tre assa (“tonsure”, literally “heel through the shoe”)
Descendants
- Irish: sáil
- Manx: saayl
- Scottish Gaelic: sàil
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 sál (‘heel’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*stātlā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 354
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| sál | ṡál | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||