السبت
Arabic
Etymology
From the root س ب ت (s-b-t) meaning "to rest or hibernate", "to cease", "to stop or be still", "to be motionless", "to be quiet"; the religious sense likely being borrowed from the Hebrew שַׁבָּת (shabbát, “weekly day of rest”). Ultimately stemming from Proto-Semitic *ṯabat- (“to be still, fixed, or staying”), doublet of the native Arabic ثَبَتَ (ṯabata). Related to Akkadian 𒋛𒁍𒌅 (se-bu-tu /sebûtu/, “seventh day of the month”), a holiday term that is paired with Akkadian 𒌓𒌋𒐊𒄰 (UD.15.KAM /šapattu, šabattu/, “two-week duration, the new and full moon”, literally “a day of the cessation”). The latter is a commemoration of the creating of mankind that caused the unrest of the Igigi to cease, followed by the gods seeking to quiet the racket of the needy mankind through the Deluge; practiced by restricting certain activities to give the gods a day of quiet.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /as.sabt/
Noun
السَّبْت • (as-sabt) m
- Saturday, the cessation or last day of the week
- the Sabbath
- the duration of a week, seven-day cycle
Declension
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | — | السَّبْت as-sabt | — |
| Nominative | — | السَّبْتُ as-sabtu | — |
| Accusative | — | السَّبْتَ as-sabta | — |
| Genitive | — | السَّبْتِ as-sabti | — |
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | سَبْت sabt | السَّبْت as-sabt | سَبْت sabt |
| Nominative | سَبْتٌ sabtun | السَّبْتُ as-sabtu | سَبْتُ sabtu |
| Accusative | سَبْتًا sabtan | السَّبْتَ as-sabta | سَبْتَ sabta |
| Genitive | سَبْتٍ sabtin | السَّبْتِ as-sabti | سَبْتِ sabti |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | سَبْتَيْن sabtayn | السَّبْتَيْن as-sabtayn | سَبْتَيْ sabtay |
| Nominative | سَبْتَانِ sabtāni | السَّبْتَانِ as-sabtāni | سَبْتَا sabtā |
| Accusative | سَبْتَيْنِ sabtayni | السَّبْتَيْنِ as-sabtayni | سَبْتَيْ sabtay |
| Genitive | سَبْتَيْنِ sabtayni | السَّبْتَيْنِ as-sabtayni | سَبْتَيْ sabtay |
| Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | سُبُوت subūt | السُّبُوت as-subūt | سُبُوت subūt |
| Nominative | سُبُوتٌ subūtun | السُّبُوتُ as-subūtu | سُبُوتُ subūtu |
| Accusative | سُبُوتًا subūtan | السُّبُوتَ as-subūta | سُبُوتَ subūta |
| Genitive | سُبُوتٍ subūtin | السُّبُوتِ as-subūti | سُبُوتِ subūti |
Synonyms
- يَوْم السَّبْت (yawm as-sabt)
Descendants
- → Afar: sábti
- → Malagasy: asabotsy
- → Somali: sábti
See also
- (days of the week) أَيَّامُ الْأُسْبُوع (ʔayyāmu l-ʔusbūʕ); الْأَحَد (al-ʔaḥad), الْاِثْنَيْن (al-iṯnayn), الثُّلَاثَاء (aṯ-ṯulāṯāʔ), الْأَرْبِعَاء (al-ʔarbiʕāʔ), الْخَمِيس (al-ḵamīs), الْجُمُعَة (al-jumuʕa), السَّبْت (as-sabt) (Category: ar:Days of the week)
References
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “سبت”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1287-1289
- šabattu, © Association Assyrophile de France, last updated 2017.
- sebe in Black, Jeremy; George, Andrew; Postgate, Nicholas (2000) A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian, 2nd corrected edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, page 319
- "The Epic of Atraḥasis" from Livius.org, © 1995–2017 adapted from B.R. Foster's translation; see especially 221 where the term appears.
Moroccan Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic السَّبْت (as-sabt).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɪs.sabt/
Audio (file)
Noun
السبت • (es-sabt) m
- Saturday
- Synonym: يوم السبت (yūm es-sabt)
See also
- (days of the week) إيام الأسبوع (ʔiyyām el-ʔusbūʕ); الحد (el-ḥadd), التنين (et-tnayn, et-tnīn), التلات (et-tlāt), الاربع (l-ārbaʕ)/الاربعة (l-ārbʕa), الخميس (el-ḵmīs, le-ḵmīs), الجمعة (ej-jamʕa), السبت (es-sabt) (Category: ary:Days of the week)
South Levantine Arabic
Etymology
From Arabic السَّبْت (as-sabt).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /is.sabt/, [ɪsˈsab(ɪ)t]
Audio (Amman) (file)
Proper noun
السبت • (is-sabt) m
- Saturday
- Synonym: يومالسبت (yōm is-sabt)
See also
- (days of the week) أيّام الأسبوع (ʔayyām il-ʔusbūʕ); الأحد (il-ʔaḥad), الإتنين (il-ʔitnēn), التلاتا (it-talāta), الأربعا (il-ʔarbiʕa), الخميس (il-ḵamīs), الجمعة (il-jumʕa), السبت (is-sabt) (Category: ajp:Days of the week)