sumir
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese sumir~somir, from Latin sūmere.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [suˈmiɾ]
Verb
sumir (first-person singular present sumo, first-person singular preterite sumín, past participle sumido)
- to cave in; to sink
- Synonym: afundir
- to consume; to decrease
- ca. 1840, Ramón Varela Vahamonde, Conversa entre os arrieiros:
- Por eso non queren suba
- Na sisa nin na taberna
- E, en tanto que os demais paguen,
- Eles recachan a perna.
- E como serán sumidos
- En bebedelas, o aumento,
- Dan a sisa pol-os tragos
- E miran outros pr’o vento.
- That's why they don't want an increase
- in the surcharge nor in the tavern
- and, as long as the others pay,
- they uncover the leg [they sunbathe].
- And since they are gonna be consumed
- in binges, the augment,
- they give the surcharge for the gulps
- and others look into the wind.
- Synonyms: gastar, minguar
- ca. 1840, Ramón Varela Vahamonde, Conversa entre os arrieiros:
- to submerge
- Synonym: mergullar
- (figuratively) to cause to fall, to trip up
- (figuratively) to fall into (a state of being)
- first/third-person singular future subjunctive of sumir
- first/third-person singular personal infinitive of sumir
Conjugation
infinitive | sumir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | sumindo | ||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||
masculine | sumido | sumidos | |||||
feminine | sumida | sumidas | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
present | sumo | somes | some | sumimos | sumides | somen | |
imperfect | sumía | sumías | sumía | sumiamos | sumiades | sumían | |
preterite | sumín | sumiches | sumiu | sumimos | sumistes | sumiron | |
pluperfect | sumira | sumiras | sumira | sumiramos | sumirades | sumiran | |
future | sumirei | sumirás | sumirá | sumiremos | sumiredes | sumirán | |
conditional | sumiría | sumirías | sumiría | sumiriamos | sumiriades | sumirían | |
subjunctive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
present | suma | sumas | suma | sumamos | sumades | suman | |
preterite | sumise | sumises | sumise | sumísemos | sumísedes | sumisen | |
future | sumir | sumires | sumir | sumirmos | sumirdes | sumiren | |
imperative | — | ti | Vde. | nós | vós | Vdes. | |
affirmative | — | sume | suma | sumamos | sumide | suman | |
negative | — | sumas | suma | sumamos | sumades | suman | |
personal infinitive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
sumir | sumires | sumir | sumirmos | sumirdes | sumiren |
Related terms
- consumir
- ensumir
References
- “sumir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “sumir” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “sumir” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “sumir” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Icelandic
Etymology
Old Norse sumr.
Pronoun
sumir m pl (feminine plural sumar, neuter plural sum)
- some
Old Norse
Pronoun
sumir
- masculine nominative plural of sumr
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese sumir~somir, from Latin sūmere.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /suˈmi(ʁ)/ [suˈmi(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /suˈmi(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /suˈmi(ʁ)/ [suˈmi(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /suˈmi(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /suˈmiɾ/
- Hyphenation: su‧mir
Verb
sumir (first-person singular present sumo, third-person singular present some, first-person singular preterite sumi, past participle sumido)
- (intransitive) to vanish, to disappear
- O rapaz sumiu! ― The boy vanished!
- Synonyms: desaparecer, evaporar
- to submerge, to sink
- Synonyms: afundar, submergir
- to be wasted or consumed
- O dinheiro some. ― Money is wasted away
- to hide [+ com (object)]
- Vou sumir com seus cigarros! ― I'm going to hide your cigarettes!
- Synonym: esconder
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | sumir | |||||
Personal | sumir | sumires | sumir | sumirmos | sumirdes | sumirem |
Gerund | ||||||
sumindo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | sumido | sumidos | ||||
Feminine | sumida | sumidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | sumo | somes | some | sumimos | sumis | somem |
Imperfect | sumia | sumias | sumia | sumíamos | sumíeis | sumiam |
Preterite | sumi | sumiste | sumiu | sumimos | sumistes | sumiram |
Pluperfect | sumira | sumiras | sumira | sumíramos | sumíreis | sumiram |
Future | sumirei | sumirás | sumirá | sumiremos | sumireis | sumirão |
Conditional | ||||||
sumiria | sumirias | sumiria | sumiríamos | sumiríeis | sumiriam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | suma | sumas | suma | sumamos | sumais | sumam |
Imperfect | sumisse | sumisses | sumisse | sumíssemos | sumísseis | sumissem |
Future | sumir | sumires | sumir | sumirmos | sumirdes | sumirem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | some | suma | sumamos | sumi | sumam | |
Negative (não) | não sumas | não suma | não sumamos | não sumais | não sumam |
Spanish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Spanish somir, from Latin sūmere.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /suˈmiɾ/ [suˈmiɾ]
- Rhymes: -iɾ
- Syllabification: su‧mir
Verb
sumir (first-person singular present sumo, first-person singular preterite sumí, past participle sumido)
- to submerge
- Synonym: sumergir
- (reflexive, figurative) to be devoured (by); to wallow in
- 1864, Eugenio de Ochoa (translator), José Garnier, Elementos de economía política:
- la sociedad volvería a sumirse en la barbarie
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 1922, Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, La tierra de todos:
- Se sumió otra vez el joven en su monótona labor de dibujante lineal; pero á los pocos instantes sus ojos volvieron á levantarse del papel.
- Once again the young man wallowed in his tedious work as a line drawer, but a short while later he looked back up from the paper.
-
Conjugation
infinitive | sumir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | sumiendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | sumido | sumida | |||||
plural | sumidos | sumidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | sumo | sumestú sumísvos | sume | sumimos | sumís | sumen | |
imperfect | sumía | sumías | sumía | sumíamos | sumíais | sumían | |
preterite | sumí | sumiste | sumió | sumimos | sumisteis | sumieron | |
future | sumiré | sumirás | sumirá | sumiremos | sumiréis | sumirán | |
conditional | sumiría | sumirías | sumiría | sumiríamos | sumiríais | sumirían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | suma | sumastú sumásvos2 | suma | sumamos | sumáis | suman | |
imperfect (ra) | sumiera | sumieras | sumiera | sumiéramos | sumierais | sumieran | |
imperfect (se) | sumiese | sumieses | sumiese | sumiésemos | sumieseis | sumiesen | |
future1 | sumiere | sumieres | sumiere | sumiéremos | sumiereis | sumieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | sumetú sumívos | suma | sumamos | sumid | suman | ||
negative | no sumas | no suma | no sumamos | no sumáis | no suman |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive sumir | |||||||
dative | sumirme | sumirte | sumirle, sumirse | sumirnos | sumiros | sumirles, sumirse | |
accusative | sumirme | sumirte | sumirlo, sumirla, sumirse | sumirnos | sumiros | sumirlos, sumirlas, sumirse | |
with gerund sumiendo | |||||||
dative | sumiéndome | sumiéndote | sumiéndole, sumiéndose | sumiéndonos | sumiéndoos | sumiéndoles, sumiéndose | |
accusative | sumiéndome | sumiéndote | sumiéndolo, sumiéndola, sumiéndose | sumiéndonos | sumiéndoos | sumiéndolos, sumiéndolas, sumiéndose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative sume | |||||||
dative | súmeme | súmete | súmele | súmenos | not used | súmeles | |
accusative | súmeme | súmete | súmelo, súmela | súmenos | not used | súmelos, súmelas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative sumí | |||||||
dative | sumime | sumite | sumile | suminos | not used | sumiles | |
accusative | sumime | sumite | sumilo, sumila | suminos | not used | sumilos, sumilas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative suma | |||||||
dative | súmame | not used | súmale, súmase | súmanos | not used | súmales | |
accusative | súmame | not used | súmalo, súmala, súmase | súmanos | not used | súmalos, súmalas | |
with first-person plural imperative sumamos | |||||||
dative | not used | sumámoste | sumámosle | sumámonos | sumámoos | sumámosles | |
accusative | not used | sumámoste | sumámoslo, sumámosla | sumámonos | sumámoos | sumámoslos, sumámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative sumid | |||||||
dative | sumidme | not used | sumidle | sumidnos | sumíos | sumidles | |
accusative | sumidme | not used | sumidlo, sumidla | sumidnos | sumíos | sumidlos, sumidlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative suman | |||||||
dative | súmanme | not used | súmanle | súmannos | not used | súmanles, súmanse | |
accusative | súmanme | not used | súmanlo, súmanla | súmannos | not used | súmanlos, súmanlas, súmanse |
Related terms
- sumirse
Further reading
- “sumir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983), “sumir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volume V (Ri–X), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 336