-stul

-stul

Hungarian

Alternative forms

• -stól (dialectal)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʃtul]

Suffix

-stul

1. (suffix) with, together with, along with. Used to form the sociative case (sometimes also referred to as comitative case), although it is not an actual case from a strictly syntactic point of view.

   ruha (“clothes”) → ruhástul (“with all one's clothes (on)”) (as in "he went into the water with all his clothes on")

Usage notes

• (suffix) Harmonic variants:

  -stul is added to back vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.

  kutya (“dog”) → kutyástul – along with his/her dog

  -stül is added to front vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.

  kecske (“goat”) → kecskéstül – along with his/her goat

• If the word ends in a consonant, a linking vowel is added: -ostul, -astul, -estül, -östül, e.g. szőr and bőr (lit. ’[body] hair and skin’) → szőröstül-bőröstül, család (’family’) → családostul (’together with his/her family’), gyerek (’child’) → gyerekestül (’along with his/her child or children’), héj(’peel/shell’) → héjastul (together with its peel, including its peel/shell).

Although it is similar to the instrumental case suffixes -val and -vel (and sometimes interchangeable with it, with the notable exception of referring to the instrument of the action), its usage is more limited. It creates the idea that the group of people or things mentioned comprises a single unit and it inherently belongs together.[1]

It can only be added to singular nouns. Some of the words it occurs with: család, kamat, csapat, ruha, gyökér, tő, ajtó, héj, szőr-bőr, ló, test-lélek, kutya, cipő, tok, kalitka, gyerek, feleség, sereg, asszony, bőr, zacskó, áfa, tömeg, lány, háttér, ablak.[2]

References

1. Hungarian Gyerekestül versus Gyerekkel (‘with [the] kid’) by Fekete, István
2. Mazsola: Verb Argument Browser – investigating argument structure of verbs, results for -stul

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes