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单词 social
释义

social

See also: sociál

English

Etymology

From Middle French social, from Latin sociālis (“of or belonging to a companion or companionship or association, social”), from socius (“a companion, fellow, partner, associate, ally”), from sequor (“follow”). Cognate with English seg (“man, companion, fellow”). More at seg.

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl/
  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈsoʊ.ʃəl/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -əʊʃəl

Adjective

social (comparative more social, superlative most social)

  1. Being extroverted or outgoing.
    James is a very social guy; he knows lots of people.
    • 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chapter 1:
      Not ignoring what is good, I am quick to perceive a horror, and could still be social with it—would they let me—since it is but well to be on friendly terms with all the inmates of the place one lodges in.
  2. Of or relating to society.
    • 2012 January 1, Donald Worster, “A Drier and Hotter Future”, in American Scientist‎, volume 100, number 1, page 70:
      Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.
    Teresa feels uncomfortable in certain social situations.
    Unemployment is a social problem.
  3. (Internet) Relating to social media or social networks.
    social gaming
  4. (rare) Relating to a nation's allies.
    the Social War
  5. (botany, zoology) Cooperating or growing in groups.
    a social insect

Antonyms

  • antisocial
  • unsocial
  • asocial

Derived terms

  • biosocial
  • dissocialize
  • ethnosocial
  • parasocial
  • presocial
  • pseudosocial
  • psychosocial
  • quasisocial
  • semisocial
  • sociable
  • social butterfly
  • social capital
  • social class
  • social climber
  • social cohesion
  • social collaboration
  • social collapse
  • social commentary
  • social conscience
  • social conservative
  • social construct
  • social cue
  • social democrat
  • social entrepreneurship
  • social function
  • social grace
  • social hygiene
  • socialise
  • social isolation
  • socialist
  • socialize
  • social ladder
  • social life
  • social media
  • social mobility
  • social network
  • social outcast
  • social psychology
  • social recession
  • social safety net
  • social science
  • social security
  • social status
  • social studies
  • social trading
  • social work
  • social worker
  • subsocial
  • sociality
  • societal

Translations

Noun

social (countable and uncountable, plural socials)

  1. A festive gathering to foster introductions.
    They organized a social at the dance club to get people to know each other.
  2. (Canadian Prairies) A dance held to raise money, often held for a couple to be married.
  3. (Britain, colloquial, with definite article) Ellipsis of social security.
    Fred hated going down to the social to sign on.
  4. (US, colloquial) Ellipsis of social security number.
    What's your social?
  5. (dated, Ireland) A dinner dance event, usually held annually by a company or sporting club.
  6. (Canada) Ellipsis of social studies.
  7. (Internet, informal, uncountable)Ellipsis of social media.
    • 2023 January 31, Casey Newton, quoting Kevin Systrom, “Instagram’s co-founders are back with Artifact, a kind of TikTok for text”, in The Verge‎:
      “I saw that shift, and I was like, ‘Oh, that’s the future of social,’” Systrom said.
  8. (Internet, informal, countable) A social media account.
    • 2019 August 29, Randy Rainbow (lyrics), Andrew Lloyd Webber (music), “Cheeto Christ Stupid Czar”‎, performed by Randy Rainbow:
      Close your mouth and delete all your socials tonight.

Translations

References

  • social in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
  • social in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
  • “social”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present, retrieved 15 July 2017, reproduced from Collins English Dictionary, 10th edition, London: Collins, 2010, →ISBN.

Anagrams

  • scolia

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin sociālis.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /soˈθjal/, [soˈθjal]

Adjective

social (epicene, plural sociales)

  1. social

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin sociālis, attested from 1803.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Balearic, Valencian) IPA(key): /so.siˈal/
  • (Central) IPA(key): /su.siˈal/

Adjective

social (masculine and feminine plural socials)

  1. social

Derived terms

  • antisocial
  • asocial
  • ciència social
  • classe social
  • distanciació social
  • distanciament social
  • politicosocial
  • socialdemocràcia
  • socialdemòcrata
  • socialisme
  • socialista
  • socialitzar
  • socialment
  • xarxa social
  • soci

References

  1. “social”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023

Further reading

  • “social” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
  • “social” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
  • “social” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Chinese

Pronunciation

  • Cantonese (Jyutping): sou1 sou4
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: sou1 sou4
      • Yale: sōu sòuh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: sou1 sou4
      • Guangdong Romanization: sou1 sou4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sou̯⁵⁵ sou̯²¹/

Etymology 1

From English social.

Adjective

social

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) social; sociable; outgoing

Etymology 2

From clipping of English socialize.

Verb

social

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to socialize (to interact with others)
  • so (“to respond; to pay attension to”)

References

  • English Loanwords in Hong Kong Cantonese

Danish

Etymology

From French social, from Latin sociālis (“concerning a partner or an ally”), an adjective derived from the noun socius (“partner, ally”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [soˈɕæˀl], [ɕoˈɕæˀl]

Adjective

social (neuter socialt, plural and definite singular attributive sociale)

  1. social
  2. sociable

Further reading

  • “social” in Den Danske Ordbog
  • “social” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

French

Etymology

From Latin sociālis (“of or belonging to a companion, companionship or association, social”), from socius (“a companion, ally”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɔ.sjal/
  • Hyphenation: so‧cial
  • (Paris)
    (file)
  • Homophones: sociale, sociales

Adjective

social (feminine sociale, masculine plural sociaux, feminine plural sociales)

  1. social, related to society, community
    Un devoir social. ― A social obligation.
  2. social, living in society
    l'homme est un animal social. ― Man is a social animal.
  3. mundane, related to social life
    • 1922, Marcel Proust, Fugitive:
      Était-ce parce que la vie sociale de Gilberte devait présenter les mêmes contrastes que celle de Swann ?
      (please add an English translation of this quote)

Synonyms

  • grégaire

Antonyms

  • antisocial
  • asocial

Derived terms

  • anxiété sociale
  • bailleur social
  • cas social
  • classe sociale
  • contrat social
  • crédit social
  • distanciation sociale
  • justice sociale
  • logement social
  • réseau social
  • sécurité sociale
  • siège social
  • social-démocrate
  • social-démocratie
  • socialement
  • socialisant
  • socialisation
  • socialiser
  • socialisme
  • socialiste
  • socialité
  • socialo
  • statut social
  • vie sociale
  • sociétaire
  • sociétal
  • société
  • socio-

Descendants

  • → Romanian: social
  • → Turkish: sosyal

Noun

social m (plural sociaux)

  1. action intended to make society work better
    faire du social. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Further reading

  • “social”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Galician

Etymology

From Latin sociālis.

Adjective

social m or f (plural sociais)

  1. social

Derived terms

  • socializar
  • socialmente

Further reading

  • “social” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

Italian

Etymology

Ellipsis of social network.

Noun

social m

  1. social network
    • 2019 October 1, “Zuckerberg è pronto alla battaglia contro Warren e TikTok (e Facebook non perde utenti)”, in Corriere della Sera‎:
      TikTok è sia la prima piattaforma cinese a imporsi nel resto del mondo sia l’unico social a ottenere numeri finora inanellati solo da Menlo Park (500 milioni di utenti), eppure non sembra causare particolari grattacapi.
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
  2. (in the plural) social media
    postare sui social ― to post on social media
    • 2018 January 25, ““Un inconveniente tecnico”: il tweet di Trenord fa infuriare i social, poi le scuse”, in La Stampa‎:
      «Circolazione interrotta tra Treviglio e Milano a causa di un inconveniente tecnico a un treno»: è il tweet di Trenord delle 8.09 che ha fatto infuriare i social dopo il deragliamento a Seggiano di Pioltello.
      (please add an English translation of this quote)

Anagrams

  • Alciso, lascio, lasciò, licosa, olisca, salcio, salico, scialo, scialo-, scialò, scolai, solcai

Middle French

Etymology

First known attestation 1355[1], borrowed from Latin sociālis.

Adjective

social m (feminine singular sociale, masculine plural sociaulx, feminine plural sociales)

  1. allied (on the same side)
  2. social (tending to spend time with others)

Descendants

  • → English: social
  • French: social

References

  1. Etymology and history of “social”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (social, supplement)

Occitan

Alternative forms

  • sociau (Gascony)

Etymology

From Latin sociālis.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [suˈsjal]
  • Audio (Languedocien)(file)

Adjective

social m (feminine singular sociala, masculine plural socials, feminine plural socialas)

  1. social (relating to society)

Piedmontese

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /suˈt͡ʃal/

Adjective

social

  1. social

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin sociālis.

Pronunciation

  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /so.siˈaw/ [so.sɪˈaʊ̯], (faster pronunciation) /soˈsjaw/ [soˈsjaʊ̯]
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /suˈsjal/ [suˈsjaɫ]

  • Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
  • Hyphenation: so‧ci‧al

Adjective

social m or f (plural sociais)

  1. social (relating to society)
  2. (business) social (relating to business firms)
  3. social; outgoing; extroverted
    Synonyms: sociável, extrovertido
    Antonym: associal
  4. (ecology) social (living in large groups)
  5. (Brazil) for use by the residents of an apartment block, as opposed to maintenance workers or deliverymen
    Elevador social. ― Residents’ lift.

Derived terms

  • antissocial
  • associal
  • socializar
  • socialmente
  • sócio

Noun

social m or f (plural sociais)

  1. (Brazil, informal) a small party between close people or friends

Further reading

  • “social” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French social.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˌso.t͡ʃiˈal/

Adjective

social m or n (feminine singular socială, masculine plural sociali, feminine and neuter plural sociale)

  1. social (of or relating to society)

Declension
Declension of social
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite social socială sociali sociale
definite socialul sociala socialii socialele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite social sociale sociali sociale
definite socialului socialei socialilor socialelor

Further reading

  • social in DEX online - Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin sociālis (“of or belonging to a companion, companionship or association, social”), from socius (“a companion, ally”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Spain) /soˈθjal/ [soˈθjal]
  • IPA(key): (Latin America) /soˈsjal/ [soˈsjal]
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Syllabification: so‧cial

Adjective

social (plural sociales)

  1. social

Derived terms

  • agente social
  • antisocial
  • asistencia social
  • asistente social
  • asocial
  • capital social
  • ciencia social
  • clase social
  • contacto social
  • darwinismo social
  • distanciamiento social
  • domicilio social
  • exclusión social
  • gasto social
  • grupo social
  • juego de deducción social (“social deduction game”)
  • justicia social
  • medios sociales
  • obra social
  • presión social
  • prestación social
  • razón social
  • red social
  • resentimiento social
  • seguridad social
  • seguro social
  • socialmente
  • tejido social
  • trabajador social

Further reading

  • “social”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sosiˈɑːl/, /soˈɧɑːl/
  • Audio(file)

Adjective

social (comparative mer social, superlative mest social)

  1. (not comparable) social, pertaining to living conditions and society (of an issue)
  2. social, kind, friendly, welcoming, outgoing (of a person)
    Synonyms: utåtriktad, sällskaplig, föreningsintresserad

Declension

Inflection of social
IndefinitePositiveComparativeSuperlative2
Common singularsocialmer socialmest social
Neuter singularsocialtmer socialtmest socialt
Pluralsocialamer socialamest sociala
Masculine plural3socialemer socialamest sociala
DefinitePositiveComparativeSuperlative
Masculine singular1socialemer socialemest sociale
Allsocialamer socialamest sociala
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic
  • antisocial
  • asocial
  • socialbidrag
  • socialdarwinism
  • socialdemokrat
  • socialdepartement
  • social distansering
  • socialfall
  • socialfond
  • socialförsäkring
  • socialisering
  • socialism
  • socialist
  • socialkontor
  • socialminister
  • socialrealism

References

  • social in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
  • social in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
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