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单词 slug
释义

slug

See also: sług

English

WOTD – 17 January 2016

Pronunciation

  • enPR: slŭg, IPA(key): /slʌɡ/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Audio (AU)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʌɡ

Etymology 1

The Spanish slug (Arion vulgaris)

Originally referred to a slow, lazy person, from Middle English slugge (“lazy person", also "slowth, slothfulness”), probably of either Old English or Old Norse origin; compare Norn slug (“lazy, slothful, sluggish”), dialectal Norwegian slugg (“a large, heavy body”), sluggje (“heavy, slow person”), Danish slog (“rascal, rogue”); perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sliǵ-ōn, from *sley- (“smooth; slick; sticky; slimy”)[1] or otherwise from the root of Old Norse slókr (“lazy person, oaf”), whence Icelandic slókur (“laziness”). Compare also Dutch slak (“snail, slug”). Doublet of slotch.

Noun

slug (plural slugs)

  1. Any of many terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks, having no (or only a rudimentary) shell. [from early 18th c.]
  2. (obsolete) A slow, lazy person; a sluggard. [from early 15th c.]
  3. A bullet or other projectile fired from a firearm; in modern usage, generally refers to a shotgun slug. [from 1620s]
    • 1743, Robert Drury, The Pleasant, and Surprizing Adventures of Mr. Robert Drury, during his Fifteen Years Captivity on the Island of Madagascar, London, p. 55,
      […] all our Ammunition was spent. Those of us who had Money made Slugs of it; their next Shift was to take the middle Screws out of their Guns, and charge their Pieces with them.
    • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, OCLC 246633669, PC, scene: Mass Accelerators Codex entry:
      A mass accelerator propels a solid metal slug using precisely-controlled electromagnetic attraction and repulsion. The slug is designed to squash or shatter on impact, increasing the energy it transfers to the target. If this were not the case, it would simply punch a hole right through, doing minimal damage.
  4. A solid block or piece of roughly shaped metal.
  5. A counterfeit coin, especially one used to steal from vending machines. [from 1880s]
  6. A shot of a drink, usually alcoholic. [from 1750s]
  7. (journalism) A title, name or header, a catchline, a short phrase or title to indicate the content of a newspaper or magazine story for editing use. [from 1920s]
  8. (physics, rare) The imperial (English) unit of mass that accelerates by 1 foot per second squared (1 ft/s²) when a force of one pound-force (lbf) is exerted on it.
    Synonym: geepound
  9. A discrete mass of a material that moves as a unit, usually through another material.
    • 1973, Pulp & Paper International, volume 15:
      When these layers are recovered they inevitably result in a slug of sawdust which goes into the digester and tends to plug the screens in a Kamyr digester.
    • 1987, United States. Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, United States. Board of Mine Operations Appeals, Occupational safety and health decisions:
      Then, just a few nights before August 6, Gilbert testified that a "slug of sand-rock" weighing an estimate of one to two tons fell on his continuous miner as he was taking a cut, approximately fifteen feet from where he was standing.
    • 1998, Orrin H. Pilkey; Katharine L. Dixon, The Corps and the Shore, page 159:
      Tvpically, enough sand is emplaced to create a slug of sand that moves along the shore causing noticeable and somewhat dramatic local changes.
    • 1998, N. A. Krylov; A. A. Bokserman, Evgeniĭ Romanovich Stavrovskiĭ, The oil industry of the former Soviet Union, page 112:
    • 2005, Sam Mannan; Frank P. Lees, Lee's loss prevention in the process industries, page 16-115:
      Another phenomenon investigated was a slug of water falling through the cloud.
    • 2007, William Lauer; Fred Sanchez, Disinfection of pipelines and storage facilities field guide, page 54:
      This method uses a slug of 100 mg/L chlorinated water as a slug that moves along the length of the pipeline. The slug is a percentage of the total length of the pipeline.
    • 2010, Nancy E. McTigue; James M. Symons, American Water Works Association, The water dictionary: a comprehensive reference of water terminology, page 556:
      For example, a slug of iron rust might appear because of the shearing action of a high-demand flow that loosens a previously deposited iron precipitate.
    • 2010, Robert A. Meyers, Extreme Environmental Events, page 1198:
      These experiments investigate the ascent of a slug of gas in a vertical liquid-filed tube featuring a flare that abruptly doubles the cross sectional area.
    • 2011, Bill Calfee, The Art of Rimfire Accuracy, page 125:
      You had to learn to grab the teat up next to the udder with your thumb and side of your first finger, grab a slug of milk and progressively squeeze it down the teat past your middle finger, ring finger and little finger
  10. A motile pseudoplasmodium formed by amoebae working together.
  11. (rail transport) An accessory to a diesel-electric locomotive, used to increase adhesive weight and allow full power to be applied at a lower speed. It has trucks with traction motors, but lacks a prime mover, being powered by electricity from the mother locomotive, and may or may not have a control cab.
  12. (television editing) A black screen.
  13. (letterpress typography) A piece of type metal imprinted by a linotype machine; also a black mark placed in the margin to indicate an error; also said in application to typewriters; type slug.
  14. (regional) A stranger picked up as a passenger to enable legal use of high occupancy vehicle lanes.
  15. (US, slang, District of Columbia) A hitchhiking commuter.
  16. (web design) The last part of a clean URL, the displayed resource name, similar to a filename.
  17. (obsolete) A hindrance, an obstruction.
    • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Usury”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, OCLC 863521290:
      money would be stirring, if it were not for this slug
  18. A ship that sails slowly.
    • 1666,Samuel Pepys, Diary entry 17 October 1666
      His rendezvous for his fleet, and for all sluggs to come to, should be between Calais and Dover.
Synonyms
  • (a quantity of a drink): See also Thesaurus:drink
Derived terms
  • black slug
  • hump slug
  • road slug
  • sea slug
  • slug line
  • yard slug
  • lug
  • sluggard
Translations
lazy person — see sluggard
See also
  • (gastropod, locomotive): snail

Verb

slug (third-person singular simple present slugs, present participle slugging, simple past and past participle slugged)

  1. To drink quickly; to gulp; to down.
  2. To take part in casual carpooling; to form ad hoc, informal carpools for commuting, essentially a variation of ride-share commuting and hitchhiking.
    • 1998 July 23, “Ramsey Vows to Find New Sites for Commuter `Slug Lines'”, in Washington Post:
      "We believe in car-pooling, but let's do it without restricting traffic. ..." Sam Snyder, 51, of Burke, who has been slugging to his job at the US Customs ....
    • 2002 December 13, Joshua E. Rodd, dc.urban-planning, Usenet, message-ID <FmpK9.110446$%p6.11081387@twister.neo.rr.com>:
      no sane person would attempt to commute that far every day. Sure they do. I've often slugged to Fredericksburg and back. The VRE carries hundreds of people per day, and the I-95 HOV lanes carry tens of thousands of people each day.
  3. (intransitive, of a bullet) To become reduced in diameter, or changed in shape, by passing from a larger to a smaller part of the bore of the barrel.
  4. (obsolete, intransitive) To move slowly or sluggishly; to lie idle.
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, stanza 23:
      To slug in slouth and sensuall delights.
  5. (transitive) To load with a slug or slugs.
    to slug a gun
  6. To make sluggish.
    • 1692, John Milton, [Joseph Washington], transl., A Defence of the People of England, […]: In Answer to Salmasius’s Defence of the King, [London?: s.n.], OCLC 1015453011:
      So little do we fear , you slug you
Derived terms
  • slugabed
Translations

References

  1. van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “slak1”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute,

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Perhaps somehow from Proto-Germanic *slagiz (“a blow, strike”). If so, then ultimately cognate with German Schlag (“blow, hit”) and Dutch slag (“blow, strike”).

Noun

slug (plural slugs)

  1. A hard blow, usually with the fist. [from 1830s]

Verb

slug (third-person singular simple present slugs, present participle slugging, simple past and past participle slugged)

  1. (transitive) To hit very hard, usually with the fist.
    He insulted my mother, so I slugged him.
    The fighter slugged his opponent into unconsciousness.
    • 1983, Frank Lupo; Stephen J. Cannell, “Mexican Slayride”, in The A-Team, season 1, episode 1, spoken by Zack (Ron Palillo):
      The man is a mechanical genius. He also has one of the worst conduct records in the army. He likes to slug officers.
    • 2015 August 11, Jocelyn Samara D., Rain (webcomic), Comic 713 - I'm Done:
      "Urgh... I know you wanted to have another day at the con, but if I had to listen to her speak anymore, I was going to do something I'd regret. Honestly, you probably should've slugged her." "Believe me. I wanted to."
Derived terms
  • slugfest
  • slugging match
  • slug it out
Translations

References

  • Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “slug”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

Anagrams

  • Guls, LUGs, lugs

Manx

Etymology

Cognate with Irish slog.

Verb

slug (verbal noun sluggey, past participle sluggit)

  1. to swallow, swig, slug, guzzle, draw
  2. to devour, gorge, gulp
  3. to engulf

Noun

slug m (genitive singular slug, plural sluggyn)

  1. swallow, swig, draught

Derived terms

  • sluggag

Mutation

Manx mutation
RadicalLenitionEclipsis
sluglug
after "yn", tlug		unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German slû, probably from a Proto-Germanic *slūhaz (“sneaking, creeping”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leuǵ (“to crawl, slide”), if the original sense referred to sneaking and sliding.[1] Cognate of German schlau, Dutch sluw.

Pronunciation

  • Rhymes: -ʉːɡ

Adjective

slug

  1. sly, cunning

Usage notes

The difference between listig and slug is similar to the difference between cunning and sly, where slug sounds more deceitful by default.

Declension

Inflection of slug
IndefinitePositiveComparativeSuperlative2
Common singularslugslugareslugast
Neuter singularslugtslugareslugast
Pluralslugaslugareslugast
Masculine plural3slugeslugareslugast
DefinitePositiveComparativeSuperlative
Masculine singular1slugeslugareslugaste
Allslugaslugareslugaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic

Derived terms

  • knipslug
  • slughet
  • småslug

See also

  • listig

References

  1. van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “sluw”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Yola

Etymology

Borrowed from Irish slog (“to swallow”), form Old Irish sluicid, from Proto-Celtic *slunketi.

Verb

slug

  1. to eat greedily

References

  • Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 68
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