saliva

saliva

See also: salivá and salivă

English

Etymology

A learned borrowing from Latin salīva (“spittle”), replacing or merging with Middle English salive, salve (“saliva”), from the same Latin source. Further origin uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *salw-, *sal- (“dirt, dirty”), cognate with Old English salu (“dark, dusky”). More at sallow.

Pronunciation

• enPR: sə-līʹ-və, IPA^(key): /səˈlaɪvə/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• Hyphenation: sa‧li‧va
• Rhymes: -aɪvə

Noun

saliva (countable and uncountable, plural salivas or salivae or salivæ)

1. (physiology) A clear, slightly alkaline liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands, consisting of water, mucin, protein, and enzymes. It moistens the mouth, lubricates ingested food, and begins the breakdown of starches.

   Synonyms: spit, spittle

Derived terms

• salivary
• salivate

 

Related terms

• salivation

Translations

liquid secreted into the mouth

Afrikaans: speeksel Albanian: pështymë (sq) f Arabic: لُعَاب‎ m (luʿāb), رِيق‎ m (rīq), بُزَاق‎ m (buzāq) Egyptian Arabic: لعاب‎ m (luʿāb), ريق‎ m (rīʾ), ريالة‎ f (riyala) Armenian: թուք (hy) (tʿukʿ) Assamese: লালটি (laloti), লেলাউটি (lelauti) Asturian: saliva f, cuspita f Avar: хӏацӏу (ḥʳacʼu) Azerbaijani: tüpürcək Bashkir: шайыҡ (şayıq), төкөрөк (tökörök), һеләгәй (helägäy), шеләгәй (şelägäy) Basque: listu, listu Belarusian: слі́на f (slína) Bengali: লালা (bn) (lala), থুথু (thuthu) Breton: halo (br) m Bulgarian: слю́нка f (sljúnka), плю́нка f (pljúnka) Burmese: လျှာရည် (my) (hlyarany), သွားရည် (my) (swa:rany) Catalan: saliva (ca) f Chamicuro: sakola Cherokee: ᏩᏥᎳ (watsila) Chichewa: malovu Chinese: Cantonese: 口水 (hau2 seoi2) Mandarin: 口水 (zh) (kǒushuǐ), 唾液 (zh) (tuòyè), 唾沫 (zh) (tuòmo), 口涎 (zh) (kǒuxián), 涎水 (zh) (xiánshuǐ), 吐沫 (zh) (tùmo) Min Nan: 瀾 (zh-min-nan) (nuā) Chuvash: сӗлеке (sĕlek̬e) Crimean Tatar: silekiy, salya, tükürşük Czech: slina (cs) f Danish: spyt (da) n Dhivehi: ކުޅު‎ (kuḷu) Dupaningan Agta: ibar Dutch: speeksel (nl) n Dzongkha: ཁ་ཆུ (kha chu) Esperanto: salivo Estonian: sülg Even: дялса (ʒalsa) Evenki: дяликса (ʒaliksa) Faroese: ráki m, spýtt n, sputt n Finnish: sylki (fi) French: salive (fr) f Galician: cuspe (gl) m Georgian: ნერწყვი (nerc̣q̇vi) German: Speichel (de) m Gothic: 𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌳𐍂 n (spaiskuldr) Greek: σίελος (el) m (síelos), σάλιο (el) n (sálio) Ancient: σίαλον n (síalon) Haitian Creole: saliv Hebrew: רוק \\ רֹק‎ (he) m (rok) Hindi: लार (hi) f (lār), राल (hi) f (rāl) Hinukh: йоцӏу (yoc’u) Hungarian: nyál (hu) Icelandic: slef n, munnvatn m Indonesian: air ludah (id), air liur (id), ludah (id), liur (id) Irish: seile f Old Irish: saile m or n Italian: saliva (it) f Japanese: 唾 (ja) (つばき, tsubakí, つば, tsuba), 唾液 (ja) (だえき, daeki) Javanese: idu, iler (jv), kecoh Kalmyk: шүлсн (shülsn) Kazakh: сілекей (sılekei) Khmer: ទឹកមាត់ (tɨk mŏət) Khvarshi: йуцу (yucu) Korean: 침 (ko) (chim) Kurdish: Central Kurdish: لیک‎ (ku) (lîk) Northern Kurdish: tûk (ku) f, lîk (ku) f Kyrgyz: шилекей (ky) (şilekey) Lao: ນ້ຳລາຍ (nam lāi) Latgalian: slīkys, seilys Latin: salīva f Latvian: siekalas Lezgi: цуькӏуьн (cüḳün) Lithuanian: seilės f pl Lombard: spua (lmo) f Macedonian: плу́нка f (plúnka), плу́канка f (plúkanka) Maguindanao: duda Maltese: bżieq m Manchu: ᠴᡳᡶᡝᠩᡤᡠ (cifenggu) Maori: hāware, hūare, hūware, paraki Maranao: ayog, doda' Mongolian: шүлс (mn) (šüls) Nahuatl: camacuitlatl Nanai: дилокса Nogai: силекей (silekey) Norman: êcopi ? Norwegian: spytt (no) n Old English: please add this translation if you can Old Javanese: idu Pashto: زيړې‎ f (zyaṛé), ښيالمې‎ f (ӽyãlme) Persian: بزاق‎ (fa) (bozâq), گلیز‎ (fa) (geliz) Plautdietsch: Kjwiel n, Spie m Polish: ślina (pl) f Portuguese: saliva (pt) f Romanian: salivă (ro) f Russian: слюна́ (ru) f (sljuná), слю́нка (ru) f (sljúnka) (diminutive) Scottish Gaelic: seile m Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: сли̏на f Roman: slȉna (sh) f Sinhalese: කෙළ (keḷa) Slovak: slina (sk) f Slovene: slina (sl) f Spanish: saliva (es) f Swahili: mate (sw) Swedish: spott (sv) n, saliv (sv) c Tagalog: lura, laway (tl) Tajik: оби даҳан (obi dahan) Tamil: உமிழ்நீர் (ta) (umiḻnīr) Tatar: селәгәй (tt) (selägäy) Tausug: lura Telugu: లాలాజలం (te) (lālājalaṁ) Thai: น้ำลาย (th) (náam-laai) Tocharian B: pitke Turkish: salya (tr), tükürük (tr) Turkmen: tüýkülik Udmurt: дыльды (dylʹdy) Ukrainian: сли́на f (slýna) Urdu: لار‎ f (lār), رال‎ f (rāl) Uyghur: شۆلگەي‎ (shölgey) Uzbek: sulak (uz), sulakay, tupuk (uz) Vietnamese: nước bọt (vi), nước miếng (vi), nước dãi (vi) Volapük: salif (vo) Welsh: poer m Wolof: tëflit, lor (wo) Yakut: сил (sil) Yiddish: שפּײַעכץ‎ (shpayekhts) Yucatec Maya: chi' ch'uulik

See also

• drool
• sputum

Anagrams

• Alavis, Avilas, Salvia, Slavia, Valais, avails, salvia

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Catalan

Etymology

From Latin salīva, attested from the 14th century.[1]

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /səˈli.və/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /səˈli.bə/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /saˈli.va/

Noun

saliva f (plural salives)

1. saliva

Related terms

• salivar

References

1. “saliva”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023

Further reading

• “saliva” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “saliva” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “saliva” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sa.li.va/
• Homophones: salivas, salivât

Verb

saliva

1. third-person singular past historic of saliver

Anagrams

• lavais, valais, valsai

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Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /saˈli.va/
• Rhymes: -iva
• Hyphenation: sa‧lì‧va

Etymology 1

From Latin salīva.

Alternative forms

• scialiva

Noun

saliva f (plural salive)

1. (physiology) saliva, spittle, spit

Related terms

• salivare
• salivatorio
• salivazione

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

saliva

1. inflection of salivare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

saliva

1. third-person singular imperfect indicative of salire

Anagrams

• Salvia, lisava, salavi, salvai, salvia, vasali

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Latin

Etymology

Unknown. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *solH- (compare Irish salach (“dirty”), Welsh halog, English sallow, Russian соло́вый (solóvyj, “cream-colored”)).[1] May alternatively be of independent expressive/onomatopoeic origin; compare Ancient Greek σίαλον (síalon).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /saˈliː.u̯a/, [s̠äˈlʲiːu̯ä]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /saˈli.va/, [säˈliːvä]

Noun

salīva f (genitive salīvae); first declension

1. spittle, saliva

Declension

First-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	salīva	salīvae
Genitive	salīvae	salīvārum
Dative	salīvae	salīvīs
Accusative	salīvam	salīvās
Ablative	salīvā	salīvīs
Vocative	salīva	salīvae

Derived terms

• salīvō

Descendants

• Catalan: saliva
• English: saliva
• French: salive
• Galician: seiva (archaic), saliva
• Italian: saliva, scialiva
• Occitan: saliva
• → Old Irish: saile
  • Irish: seile
  • Scottish Gaelic: seile
• Piedmontese: saliva
• Portuguese: saliva
• Romanian: salivă
• Spanish: saliva
• Swedish: saliv

References

• “saliva”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “saliva”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• saliva in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• saliva in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911

1. Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954), “saliva”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2, 3rd edition, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 468

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /saˈli.vɐ/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /saˈli.vɐ/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /saˈli.va/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɐˈli.vɐ/

• Hyphenation: sa‧li‧va

Etymology 1

From Latin salīva, probably borrowed.

Noun

saliva f (plural salivas)

1. saliva, spittle (liquid secreted into the mouth)

Verb

saliva

1. inflection of salivar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

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Romanian

Etymology 1

From French saliver, from Latin salivare.

Verb

a saliva (third-person singular present salivează, past participle salivat) 1st conj.

1. to salivate

Conjugation

    conjugation of saliva (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a saliva
gerund			salivând
past participle			salivat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	salivez	salivezi	salivează	salivăm	salivați	salivează
	imperfect	salivam	salivai	saliva	salivam	salivați	salivau
	simple perfect	salivai	salivași	salivă	salivarăm	salivarăți	salivară
	pluperfect	salivasem	salivaseși	salivase	salivaserăm	salivaserăți	salivaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să salivez	să salivezi	să saliveze	să salivăm	să salivați	să saliveze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		salivează			salivați
	negative		nu saliva			nu salivați

Noun

saliva f

1. definite nominative/accusative singular of salivă

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Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /saˈliba/ [saˈli.β̞a]
• Rhymes: -iba
• Syllabification: sa‧li‧va

Etymology 1

From Latin salīva, probably borrowed[1].

Noun

saliva f (plural salivas)

1. saliva, spittle

Derived terms

• tragar saliva

Related terms

• salivar

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

saliva

1. inflection of salivar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

References

1. Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Further reading

• “saliva”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Anagrams

• salvia