rostir
Catalan
Etymology
Via Old French rostir (“to roast”) from Frankish *rōstjan (“to roast”), from Proto-Germanic *raustijaną (“to roast”), from Proto-Indo-European *reus- (“to crackle, roast”). Compare Spanish rostir, French rôtir and Italian arrostire.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /rusˈti/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /rosˈtiɾ/
Verb
rostir (first-person singular present rosteixo, past participle rostit)
- to roast
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) (of vegetation) to turn brown due to frost damage
Conjugation
| infinitive | rostir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | rostint | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | rostit | rostida | |||||
| plural | rostits | rostides | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | rosteixo | rosteixes | rosteix | rostim | rostiu | rosteixen | |
| imperfect | rostia | rosties | rostia | rostíem | rostíeu | rostien | |
| future | rostiré | rostiràs | rostirà | rostirem | rostireu | rostiran | |
| preterite | rostí | rostires | rostí | rostírem | rostíreu | rostiren | |
| conditional | rostiria | rostiries | rostiria | rostiríem | rostiríeu | rostirien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | rosteixi | rosteixis | rosteixi | rostim | rostiu | rosteixin | |
| imperfect | rostís | rostissis | rostís | rostíssim | rostíssiu | rostissin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | rosteix | rosteixi | rostim | rostiu | rosteixin | ||
Derived terms
- rostida
- rostidor
- rostit
Further reading
- “rostir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Middle French
Verb
rostir
- Alternative form of roustir
Occitan
Etymology
From Frankish *rōstjan (“to roast”), from Proto-Germanic *raustijaną (“to roast”), from Proto-Indo-European *reus- (“to crackle, roast”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rusˈti/
audio (file)
Verb
rostir (transitive)
- to roast
Old French
Etymology
From Frankish *rōstjan (“to roast”), from Proto-West Germanic *raustijan (“to roast”), from Proto-Indo-European *reus- (“to crasckle, roast”). Cognate with Old High German rōsten (“to roast”), Middle Dutch roosten (“to roast”). More at roast.
Verb
rostir
- to roast (specifically, to cook on an open fire)
- to torture by subjecting to fire
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | rostir | avoir rosti | |||||
| gerund | en rostissant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | rostissant | ||||||
| past participle | rosti | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | rostis | rostis | rostist | rostissons | rostissez | rostissent |
| imperfect | rostissoie, rostisseie | rostissoies, rostisseies | rostissoit, rostisseit | rostissiiens, rostissiens | rostissiiez, rostissiez | rostissoient, rostisseient | |
| preterite | rosti | rostis | rosti | rostimes | rostistes | rostirent | |
| future | rostirai | rostiras | rostira | rostirons | rostiroiz, rostireiz, rostirez | rostiront | |
| conditional | rostiroie, rostireie | rostiroies, rostireies | rostiroit, rostireit | rostiriiens, rostiriens | rostiriiez, rostiriez | rostiroient, rostireient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | rostisse | rostisses | rostisse | rostissons | rostissez | rostissent |
| imperfect | rostisse | rostisses | rostist | rostissons, rostissiens | rostissoiz, rostissez, rostissiez | rostissent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | rostis | — | rostissons | rostissez | — | ||
Descendants
- English: roast
- French: rôtir
- → Galician: rustrir
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (rostir, supplement)
- Etymology and history of “rôtir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Spanish
Etymology
From Old French rostir, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *hraustjan, *rōstjan (“to roast”), from Proto-West Germanic *raustijan, see also Old High German rôsten (modern German rösten).
Verb
rostir (first-person singular present rosto, first-person singular preterite rostí, past participle rostido)
- to roast
Conjugation
| infinitive | rostir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | rostiendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | rostido | rostida | |||||
| plural | rostidos | rostidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | rosto | rostestú rostísvos | roste | rostimos | rostís | rosten | |
| imperfect | rostía | rostías | rostía | rostíamos | rostíais | rostían | |
| preterite | rostí | rostiste | rostió | rostimos | rostisteis | rostieron | |
| future | rostiré | rostirás | rostirá | rostiremos | rostiréis | rostirán | |
| conditional | rostiría | rostirías | rostiría | rostiríamos | rostiríais | rostirían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | rosta | rostastú rostásvos2 | rosta | rostamos | rostáis | rostan | |
| imperfect (ra) | rostiera | rostieras | rostiera | rostiéramos | rostierais | rostieran | |
| imperfect (se) | rostiese | rostieses | rostiese | rostiésemos | rostieseis | rostiesen | |
| future1 | rostiere | rostieres | rostiere | rostiéremos | rostiereis | rostieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | rostetú rostívos | rosta | rostamos | rostid | rostan | ||
| negative | no rostas | no rosta | no rostamos | no rostáis | no rostan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Further reading
- “rostir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Venetian
Etymology
From Old French rostir, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *hraustjan, *rōstjan (“to roast”), from Proto-West Germanic *raustijan. Compare Italian arrostire; also Old High German rôsten (modern German rösten).
Verb
rostir
- (transitive) to roast
Conjugation
- Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
| infinitive | rostir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| auxiliary verb | aver | gerund | rosténdo | |||
| past participle | rostito, rostìo | |||||
| person | singular | plural | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| indicative | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
| present | rostiso | (te) rostisi | (el/ła) rostise | rostimo | rostì | (i/łe) rostise |
| imperfect | rostìa | (te) rostivi | (el/ła) rostìa | rostìvimo | rostivi | (i/łe) rostìa |
| future | rostirò | (te) rostirè | (el/ła) rostirà | rostirémo | rostirè | (i/łe) rostirà |
| conditional | mi | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
| present | rostirìa | (te) rostirisi | (el/ła) rostirìa | rostirìsimo | rostirisi | (i/łe) rostirìa |
| subjunctive | che mi | che ti | che eło / eła | che noialtri / noialtre | che voialtri / voialtre | che łuri / łore |
| present | rostisa | (te) rostisi | (el/ła) rostisa | rostimo | rostì | (i/łe) rostisa |
| imperfect | rostise | (te) rostisi | (el/ła) rostise | rostisimo | rostisi | (i/łe) rostise |
| imperative | — | ti | eło / eła | noialtri / noialtre | voialtri / voialtre | łuri / łore |
| — | (te) rostisi | (el/ła) rostisa | rostimo | rostì | (i/łe) rostisa | |