< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swindan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *swindaną.
Verb
*swindan[1]
- to diminish, to dwindle
Inflection
| Class 3 strong | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *swindan | |
| 1st sg. past | *swand | |
| 3rd pl. past | *swundun | |
| Past ptcple | *swundan | |
| Infinitive | *swindan | |
| Genitive infin. | *swindannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *swindannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *swindannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swindu | *swand |
| 2nd singular | *swindiʀi | *swundī |
| 3rd singular | *swindidi | *swand |
| 1st plural | *swindum | *swundum |
| 2nd plural | *swindid | *swundud |
| 3rd plural | *swindand | *swundun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swindē | *swundī |
| 2nd singular | *swindēs | *swundī |
| 3rd singular | *swindē | *swundī |
| 1st plural | *swindēm | *swundīm |
| 2nd plural | *swindēþ | *swundīd |
| 3rd plural | *swindēn | *swundīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *swind | |
| Plural | *swindid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *swindandī | *swundan |
Descendants
- Old English: swindan
- Middle English: swinden, swynden
- English: swind
- Middle English: swinden, swynden
- Old Frisian: *swinda
- Saterland Frisian: swiende
- Old Saxon: swindan
- Old Dutch: *swindan
- Middle Dutch: swinden
- Dutch: zwinden
- Middle Dutch: swinden
- Old High German: swintan
- Middle High German: swinden
- German: schwinden
- Middle High German: swinden
References
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*swindan”