< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/staupijan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *staupijaną. Equivalent to *staup (“pitcher, jar, bucket”) + *-jan.
Verb
*staupijan
- (North Sea Germanic) to pour
- (North Sea Germanic) to soak, to make wet
- (North Sea Germanic) to cast metal
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *staupijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *staupidā | |
| Infinitive | *staupijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *staupijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *staupijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *staupijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *staupiju | *staupidā |
| 2nd singular | *staupisi | *staupidēs, *staupidōs |
| 3rd singular | *staupiþi | *staupidē, *staupidā |
| 1st plural | *staupijum | *staupidum |
| 2nd plural | *staupiþ | *staupidud |
| 3rd plural | *staupijanþ | *staupidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *staupijē | *staupidī |
| 2nd singular | *staupijēs | *staupidī |
| 3rd singular | *staupijē | *staupidī |
| 1st plural | *staupijēm | *staupidīm |
| 2nd plural | *staupijēþ | *staupidīd |
| 3rd plural | *staupijēn | *staupidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *staupi | |
| Plural | *staupiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *staupijandī | *staupid |
Descendants
- Old English: *stīepan
- Middle English: stepen (possibly loaned from Old Norse instead)
- English: steep
- Middle English: stepen (possibly loaned from Old Norse instead)
- Old Saxon: *stōpian
- Middle Low German: stȫpen
Etymology 2
From *staup (“high, steep”) + *-jan.
Verb
*staupijan[1]
- (North Sea Germanic) to elevate, to make high
- (North Sea Germanic) to support, to help
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *staupijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *staupidā | |
| Infinitive | *staupijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *staupijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *staupijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *staupijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *staupiju | *staupidā |
| 2nd singular | *staupisi | *staupidēs, *staupidōs |
| 3rd singular | *staupiþi | *staupidē, *staupidā |
| 1st plural | *staupijum | *staupidum |
| 2nd plural | *staupiþ | *staupidud |
| 3rd plural | *staupijanþ | *staupidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *staupijē | *staupidī |
| 2nd singular | *staupijēs | *staupidī |
| 3rd singular | *staupijē | *staupidī |
| 1st plural | *staupijēm | *staupidīm |
| 2nd plural | *staupijēþ | *staupidīd |
| 3rd plural | *staupijēn | *staupidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *staupi | |
| Plural | *staupiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *staupijandī | *staupid |
Descendants
- Old English: stīepan
- Old Frisian: stēpa
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*staupa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 475: “*staupjan-”