tutoyer
English
Etymology
Borrowed from French tutoyer.
Verb
tutoyer (third-person singular simple present tutoyers, present participle tutoyering, simple past and past participle tutoyered)
- (transitive) To address (someone) in French using the familiar second-person pronoun tu; to thou.
- 1862, The Edinburgh Review: Or Critical Journal (volume 115, page 132)
- As I had begged Goethe to tutoyer me, he sent me a message to say, I must really remain more than the two days I had named, otherwise he should never get into the way of doing so.
- 1866, William Stamer, Recollections of a Life of Adventure, Volume 1, page 83
- […] Corporal Cornichon, walking straight up to the bar, "tutoyering" me all the time in the most horridly familiar manner, clapped me on the back, and asked me to take a glass of cognac with him.
- 1862, The Edinburgh Review: Or Critical Journal (volume 115, page 132)
Synonyms
- tutoy
Coordinate terms
- vousvoyer, vouvoy
Translations
to address (someone) using the familiar second-person pronoun — see thou
See also
- T-V distinction
- thou ~ you
French
Etymology
From tu + -oyer with euphonic t; compare the Icelandic þúa, German duzen and English thou. Cognate with Spanish tutear and Romanian tutui.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ty.twa.je/
audio (file)
Verb
tutoyer
- (transitive) to thou (to address (someone) using the informal second-person pronoun tu rather than the formal vous)
- Antonym: vouvoyer
- (colloquial) to be familiar with, to be close to something
- Tutoyer la mort. ― To be no stranger to death
Conjugation
This verb is part of a large group of -er verbs that conjugate like noyer or ennuyer. These verbs always replace the 'y' with an 'i' before a silent 'e'.
Conjugation of tutoyer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | tutoyer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | tutoyant /ty.twa.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | tutoyé /ty.twa.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | tutoie /ty.twa/ | tutoies /ty.twa/ | tutoie /ty.twa/ | tutoyons /ty.twa.jɔ̃/ | tutoyez /ty.twa.je/ | tutoient /ty.twa/ |
| imperfect | tutoyais /ty.twa.jɛ/ | tutoyais /ty.twa.jɛ/ | tutoyait /ty.twa.jɛ/ | tutoyions /ty.twaj.jɔ̃/ | tutoyiez /ty.twaj.je/ | tutoyaient /ty.twa.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | tutoyai /ty.twa.je/ | tutoyas /ty.twa.ja/ | tutoya /ty.twa.ja/ | tutoyâmes /ty.twa.jam/ | tutoyâtes /ty.twa.jat/ | tutoyèrent /ty.twa.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | tutoierai /ty.twa.ʁe/ | tutoieras /ty.twa.ʁa/ | tutoiera /ty.twa.ʁa/ | tutoierons /ty.twa.ʁɔ̃/ | tutoierez /ty.twa.ʁe/ | tutoieront /ty.twa.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | tutoierais /ty.twa.ʁɛ/ | tutoierais /ty.twa.ʁɛ/ | tutoierait /ty.twa.ʁɛ/ | tutoierions /ty.twa.ʁjɔ̃/ | tutoieriez /ty.twa.ʁje/ | tutoieraient /ty.twa.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | tutoie /ty.twa/ | tutoies /ty.twa/ | tutoie /ty.twa/ | tutoyions /ty.twaj.jɔ̃/ | tutoyiez /ty.twaj.je/ | tutoient /ty.twa/ |
| imperfect2 | tutoyasse /ty.twa.jas/ | tutoyasses /ty.twa.jas/ | tutoyât /ty.twa.ja/ | tutoyassions /ty.twa.ja.sjɔ̃/ | tutoyassiez /ty.twa.ja.sje/ | tutoyassent /ty.twa.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | tutoie /ty.twa/ | — | tutoyons /ty.twa.jɔ̃/ | tutoyez /ty.twa.je/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- tutoiement
See also
- T-V distinction
Further reading
- “tutoyer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.