Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skōlā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin schola (“school”).[1]

Noun

*skōlā f

school

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*skōlā
Genitive	*skōlōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*skōlā	*skōlōn
Accusative	*skōlōn	*skōlōn
Genitive	*skōlōn	*skōlōnō
Dative	*skōlōn	skōlōm, skōlum
Instrumental	*skōlōn	skōlōm, skōlum

Descendants

Old English: scōl
- Middle English: scole
  - English: school (see there for further descendants)
  - Scots: schuil, skuil
Old Frisian: skūle
- Saterland Frisian: Skoule
- West Frisian: skoalle
Old Saxon: *skōla
- Middle Low German: schôle
  - Dutch Low Saxon: skole
  - German Low German: School
  - Plautdietsch: School
  - → Estonian: kool
  - → Finnish: koulu
  - → Old Norse: skóli
    - Icelandic: skóli
    - Faroese: skúli
    - Elfdalian: skaule
    - Danish: skole
    - Norwegian: skole
    - Swedish: skola
      - → Finnish: skole
Old Dutch: *skuola
- Middle Dutch: schôle
  - Dutch: school
    - Afrikaans: skool
      - → Northern Ndebele: isikolo
      - → Nǀuu: skool
      - → Sotho: sekolo
      - → Southern Ndebele: isikolo
      - → Shona: chikoro (through a Nguni intermediate)
      - → Tsonga: xikolo
      - → Venda: tshikolo
      - → Xhosa: isikolo
      - → Zulu: isikole
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: skul, sulu
    - Negerhollands: skoel, skool
    - Petjo: skola, sekola
    - → Arawak: sulu
    - → Aukan: sikoo
    - →? Caribbean Hindustani: skul
    - → Kwinti: skoro, skoo
    - → Papiamentu: skol, skool
    - → Saramaccan: sikoò
    - → Sranan Tongo: skoro
      - → Wayana: sikoro
    - → Trió: sikora
  - Limburgish: sjoeal
  - West Flemish: schole
  - Zealandic: schole
Old High German: scuola
- Middle High German: schuole
  - Alemannic German: Schuel, Schuäl, Schuël
    Italian Walser: schiöl, schul, schuel, schuol, schööl
    Swabian: Schual
  - Bavarian: schual, schuele, schuile, Schui
    Cimbrian: schual
    Mòcheno: schual
  - Central Franconian: Schull, Schol
    Hunsrik: Schul, xuul
  - German: Schule
    - → Lower Sorbian: šula
    - → Slovene: šola
    - → Swahili: shule
    - → Yiddish: שולע‎ (shule)
  - Luxembourgish: Schoul, Schull
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Pennsylvania German: Schul
  - Yiddish: שול‎ (shul)
    - → English: shul
    - → Spanish: shul
  - → Latvian: skola

References

Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “school 1”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

[1] Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “school 1”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press