< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/obanā
Proto-West Germanic
Alternative forms
- *oban
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *ubanē; equivalent to *ob + *-anā.
Adverb
*obanā
- from above
Derived terms
- *biobanā
Usage notes
Because of the irregular forms between some of the directional adverbs and preposition, *ob- and *upp-, some of the daughter languages show leveling.[1]
Descendants
- Old English: ufan, ufane
- Middle English: uven
- Old Frisian: ova, with -pp- uppa, oppa (also uppe, oppe, but these might be from *uppai instead)
- Old Saxon: ovan, ovana, with -pp- uppan
- Old Dutch: uppan (with -pp-)
- Old High German: obana, ūfana, *ovana
- Middle High German: oben, obene, *oven
- Alemannic German: obe
- Swabian: oba
- Bavarian: obn, om, oum, uom
- German: oben
- Luxembourgish: uewen
- Central Franconian:
- Hunsrik: owe
- Rhine Franconian: owen, owe, uwe
- Pennsylvania German: owwe
- Vilamovian: uwa
- Yiddish: ויבנ (oybn)
- Alemannic German: obe
- Middle High German: oben, obene, *oven
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN