< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/knedan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *knudaną.
Verb
*knedan[1]
- to knead
Inflection
| Class 5 strong | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *knedan | |
| 1st sg. past | *knad | |
| 3rd pl. past | *knādun | |
| Past ptcple | *knedan | |
| Infinitive | *knedan | |
| Genitive infin. | *knedannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *knedannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *knedannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *knedu | *knad |
| 2nd singular | *knidiʀi | *knādī |
| 3rd singular | *knididi | *knad |
| 1st plural | *knedum | *knādum |
| 2nd plural | *knidid | *knādud |
| 3rd plural | *knedand | *knādun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *knedē | *knādī |
| 2nd singular | *knedēs | *knādī |
| 3rd singular | *knedē | *knādī |
| 1st plural | *knedēm | *knādīm |
| 2nd plural | *knedēþ | *knādīd |
| 3rd plural | *knedēn | *knādīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *kned | |
| Plural | *knidid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *knedandī | *knedan |
Descendants
- Old English: cnedan
- Middle English: kneden
- English: knead
- Scots: kned
- Middle English: kneden
- Old Frisian: *kneda
- Saterland Frisian: kneede
- ⇒ West Frisian: knetsje
- Old Saxon: knedan
- Middle Low German: knēden
- German Low German: kneden
- Middle Low German: knēden
- Old Dutch: *knedan
- Middle Dutch: cnēden
- Dutch: kneden
- Afrikaans: knee
- Dutch: kneden
- Middle Dutch: cnēden
- Old High German: knetan
- Middle High German: kneten
- German: kneten
- Esperanto: knedi
- Luxembourgish: knieden
- Vilamovian: knāta
- Yiddish: קנעטן (knetn)
- German: kneten
- Middle High German: kneten
References
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 78: “PWGmc [...] *knedan”