< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/habbjan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *habjaną.
Verb
*habbjan[1]
- to have
Inflection
| Class 3 weak j-present | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *habbjan | |
| 1st sg. past | *habdā | |
| Infinitive | *habbjan | |
| Genitive infin. | *habbjannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *habbjannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *habbjannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *habbju | *habdā |
| 2nd singular | *habēs | *habdēs, *habdōs |
| 3rd singular | *habēþ | *habdē, *habdā |
| 1st plural | *habbjum | *habdum |
| 2nd plural | *habēþ | *habdud |
| 3rd plural | *habbjanþ | *habdun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *habbjē | *habdī |
| 2nd singular | *habbjēs | *habdī |
| 3rd singular | *habbjē | *habdī |
| 1st plural | *habbjēm | *habdīm |
| 2nd plural | *habbjēþ | *habdīd |
| 3rd plural | *habbjēn | *habdīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *habē | |
| Plural | *habēþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *habbjandī | *habd |
Derived terms
- *bihabbjan
- *habinōn
Descendants
- Old English: habban, hafian
- Middle English: haven, have, haav, haf, hafe, haben, habben, heven, hawe; han, haan, ha
- English: have (-'ve, -a)
- Scots: hae, ha, hiv, have, hawe (-a)
- Yola: ha, have
- Middle English: haven, have, haav, haf, hafe, haben, habben, heven, hawe; han, haan, ha
- Old Frisian: hebba, habba
- North Frisian:
- Föhr-Amrum, Sylt: haa
- Hallig, Mooring: heewe
- Helgoland: hoa
- Saterland Frisian: häbe
- West Frisian: hawwe
- North Frisian:
- Old Saxon: hebbian, heffian
- Middle Low German: hebben
- Low German:
- German Low German: hebben, hewwen
- Westphalian:
- Münsterländisch: häbben, hävven
- Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: häwwen, häbben
- Sauerländisch: hewwen, häbben, hänn, hann
- Westmünsterländisch: häbben
- Westphalian:
- German Low German: hebben, hewwen
- Plautdietsch: haben
- Low German:
- Middle Low German: hebben
- Old Dutch: hebben
- Middle Dutch: hebben
- Dutch: hebben
- Afrikaans: hê
- Berbice Creole Dutch: ha, habu
- Javindo: geef
- Jersey Dutch: hävve, häbbe
- Negerhollands: ha, a, hab
- Limburgish: höbbe
- Dutch: hebben
- Middle Dutch: hebben
- Old High German: habēn
- Middle High German: haben, hān
- Alemannic German: haa, ha, heen, hoh, hä, häbä, hè
- Swabian: hau
- Bavarian: hoom, hobm, hobn, hom, ho, hob
- Cimbrian: haban, hen, håm
- Mòcheno: hom
- Northern Bavarian: [hɔm]
- Central Franconian: hann
- Hunsrik: hon
- Kölsch: han
- Luxembourgish: hunn
- East Central German:
- Erzgebirgisch: hamm
- Upper Saxon: ham, hom
- Vilamovian: hon
- East Franconian:
- German: haben
- Berlinerisch: ham
- Ruhrpöttisch: habn
- Rhine Franconian:
- Frankfurterisch: [havə]; [hɑvə], [hɔvə] (older)
- Palatine German: hann, hawwe, hunn
- Pennsylvania German: hawwe
- Upper Hessian: hu, hunn
- Yiddish: האָבן (hobn)
- Alemannic German: haa, ha, heen, hoh, hä, häbä, hè
- Middle High German: haben, hān
Etymology 2
From Proto-Germanic *habjaną.
Verb
*habbjan[2]
- to lift
Inflection
*habiþi, *hōf, *hōbun, *haban
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Old English: hebban, heffan, hafetian
- Middle English: heven, heiven, heoven, hefen, hewen, hebben
- English: heave (see there for further descendants)
- Scots: heave, heve, hewe
- Yola: heve
- Middle English: heven, heiven, heoven, hefen, hewen, hebben
- Old Frisian: heva, hebba, heffa
- Saterland Frisian: hieuwje
- West Frisian: heffe
- Old Saxon: hebbian, heffian
- Middle Low German: hēven, heffen
- Low German: heven
- Middle Low German: hēven, heffen
- Old Dutch: heffen
- Middle Dutch: heffen
- Dutch: heffen
- Afrikaans: hef
- Limburgish: höffe
- Dutch: heffen
- Middle Dutch: heffen
- Old High German: heffen, hevan, heven
- Middle High German: heben, heven
- Cimbrian: höoban
- German: heben
- Luxembourgish: hiewen
- Middle High German: heben, heven
References
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 131: “PWGmc *habja- ~ *habē-”
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 51: “PWGmc *[habʲbʲan]”