Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/falþan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *falþaną.

Verb

*falþan[1]

to fold

Inflection

Strong class 7c
Infinitive	*falþan
1st sg. past	*fealþ
3rd pl. past	*fealdun
Past ptcple	*faldan
Infinitive	*falþan
Genitive infin.	*falþannjas
Dative infin.	*falþannjē
Instrum. infin.	*falþannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*falþu	*fealþ
2nd singular	*falþiʀi	*fealdī
3rd singular	*falþidi	*fealþ
1st plural	*falþum	*fealdum
2nd plural	*falþid	*fealdud
3rd plural	*falþand	*fealdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*falþē	*fealdī
2nd singular	*falþēs	*fealdī
3rd singular	*falþē	*fealdī
1st plural	*falþēm	*fealdīm
2nd plural	*falþēþ	*fealdīd
3rd plural	*falþēn	*fealdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*falþ
Plural	*falþid
	Present	Past
Participle	*falþandī	*faldan

Descendants

Old English: faldan, fealdan
- Middle English: falden, folden
  - Scots: fald, fauld
  - English: fold
Old Frisian: *falda
- (Saterland Frisian: fooldje, foolgje < *faldōną)
- (West Frisian: fâldzje < *faldōną)
Old Saxon: faldan
- Middle Low German: volden
  - German Low German: folden, folgen, follen
  - Plautdietsch: foljen
Old Dutch: *faldan
- Middle Dutch: vouden
  - Dutch: vouwen
    - Afrikaans: vou
Old High German: faldan (past participle gifaltan); faltan (rare)
- Middle High German: valden, valten
  - German: falten
  - Luxembourgish: falen

References

Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 156: “PWGmc *falþan”

[1] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 156: “PWGmc *falþan”