Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/brummijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Closely related to the strong verbs *breman and *brimman.

Verb

*brummijan

to drone, hum
to roar

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*brummijan
1st sg. past	*brummidā
Infinitive	*brummijan
Genitive infin.	*brummijannjas
Dative infin.	*brummijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*brummijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*brummiju	*brummidā
2nd singular	*brummisi	brummidēs, brummidōs
3rd singular	*brummiþi	brummidē, brummidā
1st plural	*brummijum	*brummidum
2nd plural	*brummiþ	*brummidud
3rd plural	*brummijanþ	*brummidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*brummijē	*brummidī
2nd singular	*brummijēs	*brummidī
3rd singular	*brummijē	*brummidī
1st plural	*brummijēm	*brummidīm
2nd plural	*brummijēþ	*brummidīd
3rd plural	*brummijēn	*brummidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*brummi
Plural	*brummiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*brummijandī	*brummid

Related terms

*brummōn

Alternative reconstructions

*brummjan

Descendants

Old English: *brymman (might be from *brimman instead)
- Middle English: brimmen
  - English: brim
Old Frisian: *brimma (might be from *brimman instead)
- West Frisian: brimme, brimje, brimkje
Old Saxon: *brummian
- Middle Low German: brümmen
Old Dutch: *brummen
- Middle Dutch: *brummen
  - Dutch: brummen, brunnen (obsolete or dialectal)
Old High German: brummen