< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kïr-
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Exists in almost every Turkic language. Compared to Proto-Mongolic *kira- (“to mince, cut small”), Proto-Tungusic *kire- (“to mince; to be broken off, break off; to gnaw”), even Proto-Japonic *kiru- (“to cut”).
Verb
*kïr-
- to break, to demolish
- to scrape, to shave
Derived terms
- *kïr (noun)
- *kïrgak
- *kïrk- (“to shave”)
- *kïrmač (“whip, lash”)
Descendants
- →? Proto-Mongolic: *kira-
- →? Proto-Tungusic: *kire-
- →? Proto-Japonic: *kiru-
- Japanese: 切る
- Oghur:
- Chuvash: хир (hir)
- Common Turkic: *kïr-
- Arghu:
- ⇒ Khalaj: kïrruq- (“to be apathetic, sullen, depressed”)
- Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Azerbaijani: qırmaq
- Ottoman Turkish: قرمق (qïrmaq)
- Gagauz: kırmaa
- Turkish: kırmak
- Turkmen: gyrmak
- Salar: qır
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: قِرْماقْ (qïrmaq)
- Chagatai: قیرمق
- Uzbek: qirmoq
- Uyghur: قىرماق (qirmaq)
- Chagatai: قیرمق
- Karakhanid: قِرْماقْ (qïrmaq)
- Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
- Bashkir: ҡырыу (qırıw)
- Tatar: кыру (qıru)
- West Kipchak:
- Crimean Tatar: qırmaq
- Kumyk: къырмакъ (qırmaq)
- Karachay-Balkar: къырыргъа (qırırğa)
- Karaim: [script needed] (qır-)
- South Kipchak:
- Caspian:
- Karakalpak: қырыў
- Kazakh: қыру (qyru)
- Nogai: кырув (kıruv)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
- Kyrgyz: кыруу (kıruu)
- Southern Altai: кырар (kïrar)
- Teleut кыр- (kïr-)
- Caspian:
- North Kipchak:
- Siberian:
- North Siberian:
- ⇒ Dolgan: кырый (“to shear, cut out”), ⇒? кыра (“small”)
- Yakut:
- ⇒ кырый (kırıy, “to shear, cut out”)
- кырыы (kırıı, “side, border, edge”)
- ⇒? кыра (kıra, “small”)
- ⇒? кыырпах (kıırpax, “crumb, fragment”)
- South Siberian:
- Sayan:
- Tuvan: кырар (kırar)
- ⇒ Tofa: [script needed] (ӄыъртыҷа-)
- Yenisei:
- Khakas: хырарға (xırarğa)
- ⇒ Western Yugur: [script needed] (qʰïrq-, “to shave”)
- Shor: [script needed] (qır-)
- Sayan:
- North Siberian:
References
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20) (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 567
- Levitskaja, L. S.; Dybo, A. V.; Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume VI, Moscow: Indrik, page 227-229
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 265
- Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*Kɨr”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill