< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čьto
Proto-Slavic
Alternative forms
- *čь
Etymology
From *čь + *-to, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ki, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (cf. *kʷis). Cognate with Lithuanian kìtas (“another, next”).
Pronoun
*čьto
- what (interrogative)
Declension
Declension of *čьto (pronominal, irregular)
All numbers | Masc./Fem. | Neuter |
---|---|---|
Nominative | *kъto | *čьto |
Accusative | *kъto | *čьto |
Genitive | *kogo | *česo |
Locative | *komь | *čemь |
Dative | *komu | *čemu |
Instrumental | *cěmь | *čimь |
Derived terms
- *něčьto
- *ničьto, *ničь
Related terms
- *kъto
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic:
- Belarusian: што (što), чо (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive), шо (šo) (nonstandard)
- Russian: что (što), чё (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive), чо (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive), шо (šo) (nonstandard)
- Rusyn: што (što)
- Ukrainian: що (ščo), шо (šo) (most western and some dialects of central Ukraine), што (što) (some dialects of western Ukraine), чо (čo) (nonstandard, contraction of genitive)
- Old Novgorodian: цьто (cĭto), цето (ceto), цто (cto), чьто (čĭto), что (čto)
- Old East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: чьто (čĭto)
- Glagolitic: ⱍⱐⱅⱁ (čĭto)
- Bulgarian: що (što)
- Macedonian: што (što)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: (Štokavian) што̏, шта̏, (Čakavian) ча̏ (< *čь)
- Latin: (Štokavian) štȍ, štȁ, (Čakavian) čȁ (< *čь)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) čso
- Czech: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) co
- Moravian (Mistřice): co
- Czech: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) co
- Kashubian: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) co
- Polabian: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) cü
- Old Polish: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) czso, cso
- Polish: co
- Slovak: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) čo
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) co
- Upper Sorbian: što
- Old Czech: (Gsg. *česo > *čьso >) čso
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “что”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress