< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъrkati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstruction
- *tьrkati (formally expected)
Etymology
Vasmer presumes onomatopoeic origin. Snoj derives it from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tr̥H-kе́h₂-ti, from a k-extension of *terh₁- (“to prick, pierce”) (whence Proto-Slavic *terti). Possible influenced by *tъrkъ (“sudden move, shift”). Related to Lithuanian tùrkti (“to scour, to sweep”) (obsolete), perhaps tur̃kti (“to resonate, to rasp (of sound)”).
Verb
*tъ̀rkati impf[1]
- (North Slavic) to shove, to throb, to prod
- (South Slavic) to rub, to scrub
Inflection
Conjugation of *tъrkati, *tъrka, *tъrkajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *tъrkanьje | *tъrkati | *tъrkatъ | *tъrkalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *tъrkanъ | *tъrkajemъ |
| Active | *tъrkavъ | *tъrkaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *tъrkaxъ | *tъrka | *tъrka | *tъrkajǫ | *tъrkaješi | *tъrkajetь |
| Dual | *tъrkaxově | *tъrkasta | *tъrkaste | *tъrkajevě | *tъrkajeta | *tъrkajete |
| Plural | *tъrkaxomъ | *tъrkaste | *tъrkašę | *tъrkajemъ | *tъrkajete | *tъrkajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *tъrkaaxъ | *tъrkaaše | *tъrkaaše | — | *tъrkaji | *tъrkaji |
| Dual | *tъrkaaxově | *tъrkaašeta | *tъrkaašete | *tъrkajivě | *tъrkajita | — |
| Plural | *tъrkaaxomъ | *tъrkaašete | *tъrkaaxǫ | *tъrkajimъ | *tъrkajite | — |
Related terms
- *terti (“to rub”)
- *tьrstь (“reed”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: тарка́ць (tarkácʹ)
- Russian: то́ркать (tórkatʹ)
- Ukrainian: торка́ти (torkáty)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: тъ́ркам (tǎ́rkam)
- Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: tȑkati
- Slovene: tr̄kati (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Czech: trkat, strkati
- Slovak: strkаt᾽
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: starkaś
- Upper Sorbian: storkać
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “tr̄kati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tъ̋rkati”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “торкать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “торкати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови: у 7 т. [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 7 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka