< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tiskati
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Per Derksen, the Proto-Indo-European root is reconstructible as *teyH- or *teh₁y-, but neither of them can be clearly linked to non-Slavic words. The PIE suffix *-sk- is also present. Per Vasmer and Chernykh, possibly related to *těsto (“dough”), which may be connected with Old Irish tóis-renn, táis (“dough”), Old English þǣsma (“leaven”).
Verb
*tìskati
- to press, to squeeze
Inflection
Conjugation of *tiskati, *tiska, *tiščetь (?, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *tiskanьje | *tiskati | *tiskatъ | *tiskalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *tiskanъ | *tiščemъ |
| Active | *tiskavъ | *tiščę |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *tiskaxъ | *tiska | *tiska | *tiščǫ | *tiščeši | *tiščetь |
| Dual | *tiskaxově | *tiskasta | *tiskaste | *tiščevě | *tiščeta | *tiščete |
| Plural | *tiskaxomъ | *tiskaste | *tiskašę | *tiščemъ | *tiščete | *tiščǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *tiskaaxъ | *tiskaaše | *tiskaaše | — | *tišči | *tišči |
| Dual | *tiskaaxově | *tiskaašeta | *tiskaašete | *tiščivě | *tiščita | — |
| Plural | *tiskaaxomъ | *tiskaašete | *tiskaaxǫ | *tiščimъ | *tiščite | — |
Conjugation of *tiskati, *tiska, *tiskajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ati
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *tiskanьje | *tiskati | *tiskatъ | *tiskalъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *tiskanъ | *tiskajemъ |
| Active | *tiskavъ | *tiskaję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *tiskaxъ | *tiska | *tiska | *tiskajǫ | *tiskaješi | *tiskajetь |
| Dual | *tiskaxově | *tiskasta | *tiskaste | *tiskajevě | *tiskajeta | *tiskajete |
| Plural | *tiskaxomъ | *tiskaste | *tiskašę | *tiskajemъ | *tiskajete | *tiskajǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *tiskaaxъ | *tiskaaše | *tiskaaše | — | *tiskaji | *tiskaji |
| Dual | *tiskaaxově | *tiskaašeta | *tiskaašete | *tiskajivě | *tiskajita | — |
| Plural | *tiskaaxomъ | *tiskaašete | *tiskaaxǫ | *tiskajimъ | *tiskajite | — |
Related terms
- *těsnъ (“narrow”)
- *tisnǫti
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Belarusian: ці́скаць (cískacʹ)
- Russian: ти́скать (tískatʹ), 1sg. ти́скаю (tískaju)
- Ukrainian: ти́скати (týskaty)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: тискати (tiskati)
- Glagolitic: ⱅⰻⱄⰽⰰⱅⰻ (tiskati)
- Bulgarian: сти́скам (stískam)
- Macedonian: тиска (tiska, “to crowd”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: ти̏скати
- Latin: tȉskati
- Slovene: tískati (“to press, to print”) (tonal orthography), 1sg. tískam (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Polish: ciskać (“to hurl”), uciskać (“to press, to squeeze”)
- Slovak: tískať, tiskať
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: ćiskać (“to move, to press”)
- Lower Sorbian: śiskaś (“to move, to press”)
References
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “ти́скать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 245
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*tìskati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 494
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ти́скать”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress