< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sъdorvъ
 | This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
By surface analysis, *sъ- + *dorv-. Exact origin is uncertain:
- Per Meillet: from *sъ̀dorvъ with accent shifted by Dybo's law, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *súdarwas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-dʰor-wo-, from *dʰer- (“support, hold”). dʰ/dH is required to avoid Winter's law, which is reflected in Lithuanian ū.
- Related to *dьržati and Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰruwás (“firm, fixed”): Persian درود, Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀 (druua, “healthy”) and possibly Proto-Finnic *terveh (“healthy; whole”)[1].
- From Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-dor(H)wo-, from *h₁su- (“well, good”) + *dóru (“tree, wood”).
- Related to *dervo (“tree, wood”), *drъvo (“tree, (pl.) wood”) and Lithuanian sū́drus (“thick, dense”), Sanskrit सुद्रु (sudrú)[2]. Further Albanian drenjë/dreng (“strong, healthy”), Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (“true”).
Compare Latin rōbustus (< rōbur), German kerngesund (< Kern).
Adjective
*sъdòrvъ[3][4]
- healthy
Inflection
Accent paradigm a.
Indefinite declension of *sъdorvъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *sъdorvъ | *sъdorva | *sъdorvo |
| Accusative | *sъdorvъ | *sъdorvǫ | *sъdorvo |
| Genitive | *sъdorva | *sъdorvy | *sъdorva |
| Locative | *sъdorvě | *sъdorvě | *sъdorvě |
| Dative | *sъdorvu | *sъdorvě | *sъdorvu |
| Instrumental | *sъdorvomь | *sъdorvojǫ | *sъdorvomь |
| Vocative | *sъdorve | *sъdorvo | *sъdorvo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *sъdorva | *sъdorvě | *sъdorvě |
| Accusative | *sъdorva | *sъdorvě | *sъdorvě |
| Genitive | *sъdorvu | *sъdorvu | *sъdorvu |
| Locative | *sъdorvu | *sъdorvu | *sъdorvu |
| Dative | *sъdorvoma | *sъdorvama | *sъdorvoma |
| Instrumental | *sъdorvoma | *sъdorvama | *sъdorvoma |
| Vocative | *sъdorva | *sъdorvě | *sъdorvě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *sъdorvi | *sъdorvy | *sъdorva |
| Accusative | *sъdorvy | *sъdorvy | *sъdorva |
| Genitive | *sъdorvъ | *sъdorvъ | *sъdorvъ |
| Locative | *sъdorvěxъ | *sъdorvaxъ | *sъdorvěxъ |
| Dative | *sъdorvomъ | *sъdorvamъ | *sъdorvomъ |
| Instrumental | *sъdorvy | *sъdorvami | *sъdorvy |
| Vocative | *sъdorvi | *sъdorvy | *sъdorva |
Definite declension of *sъdorvъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *sъdorvъjь | *sъdorvaja | *sъdorvoje |
| Accusative | *sъdorvъjь | *sъdorvǫjǫ | *sъdorvoje |
| Genitive | *sъdorvajego | *sъdorvyję | *sъdorvajego |
| Locative | *sъdorvějemь | *sъdorvěji | *sъdorvějemь |
| Dative | *sъdorvujemu | *sъdorvěji | *sъdorvujemu |
| Instrumental | *sъdorvyjimi | *sъdorvǫjǫ | *sъdorvyjimi |
| Vocative | *sъdorvъjь | *sъdorvaja | *sъdorvoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *sъdorvaja | *sъdorvěji | *sъdorvěji |
| Accusative | *sъdorvaja | *sъdorvěji | *sъdorvěji |
| Genitive | *sъdorvuju | *sъdorvuju | *sъdorvuju |
| Locative | *sъdorvuju | *sъdorvuju | *sъdorvuju |
| Dative | *sъdorvyjima | *sъdorvyjima | *sъdorvyjima |
| Instrumental | *sъdorvyjima | *sъdorvyjima | *sъdorvyjima |
| Vocative | *sъdorvaja | *sъdorvěji | *sъdorvěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *sъdorviji | *sъdorvyję | *sъdorvaja |
| Accusative | *sъdorvyję | *sъdorvyję | *sъdorvaja |
| Genitive | *sъdorvъjixъ | *sъdorvъjixъ | *sъdorvъjixъ |
| Locative | *sъdorvyjixъ | *sъdorvyjixъ | *sъdorvyjixъ |
| Dative | *sъdorvyjimъ | *sъdorvyjimъ | *sъdorvyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *sъdorvyjimi | *sъdorvyjimi | *sъdorvyjimi |
| Vocative | *sъdorviji | *sъdorvyję | *sъdorvaja |
See also
- *storbiti
Derived terms
- *sъdorvьje (“health”)
- *sъdorviti (“to heal”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: съдоро́въ (sŭdoróvŭ), съдоро́вꙑи (sŭdoróvyj), здоро́въ (zdoróvŭ), здоро́вꙑи (zdoróvyj)
- Belarusian: здаро́вы (zdaróvy)
- Russian: здоро́вый (zdoróvyj)
- Old Ukrainian: здоро́въ (zdoróv), здоро́вый (zdoróvyj)
- Rusyn: здоро́вый (zdoróvŷj)
- Ukrainian: здоро́вий (zdoróvyj)
- Old Novgorodian: сторовъ (storovŭ), сторовыи (storovyj), съдоровыи (sŭdorovyj)
- Old East Slavic: съдоро́въ (sŭdoróvŭ), съдоро́вꙑи (sŭdoróvyj), здоро́въ (zdoróvŭ), здоро́вꙑи (zdoróvyj)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: съдравъ (sŭdravŭ)
- Glagolitic: ⱄⱏⰴⱃⰰⰲⱏ (sŭdravŭ)
- → Russian: здравый (zdravyj, “sensible”)
- → Rusyn: здра́вый (zdrávŷj)
- Bulgarian: здрав (zdrav)
- Macedonian: здрав (zdrav)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: здра̏в
- Latin: zdrȁv
- Slovene: zdrȁv (tonal orthography)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: sdravý
- Czech: zdravý
- Old Polish: strowy
- Polish: zdrowy, zdrów
- Slovak: zdravý
- Sorbian:
- Upper Sorbian: strowy
- Lower Sorbian: strowy
- Old Czech: sdravý
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “здоровый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. (1993), “здоровый”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1 (а – пантомима), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 321
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*dervo”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 211
References
- Holopainen, Sampsa (2020), “Indo-Iranian loanwords in Finnic — a critical overview”, in Acta Linguistica Petropolitana, volume 16.3, 3.2.29. Terve "health, whole", page 649
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1037
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*sъdòrvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 478: “adj. o (a) ‘healthy’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “sъdorvъ”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a sund (PR 133; MP 22)”