< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sěra
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Origin unclear.
Baltic forms (Lithuanian sierà, Latvian sērs) were likely borrowed from Old East Slavic.
It is unclear whether Old East Slavic цѣрь (cěrĭ, “sulfur”) is related.
Noun
*sěra f
- sulfur
Declension
Declension of *sěra (hard a-stem)
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *sěra | *sěrě | *sěry |
Accusative | *sěrǫ | *sěrě | *sěry |
Genitive | *sěry | *sěru | *sěrъ |
Locative | *sěrě | *sěru | *sěrasъ, *sěraxъ* |
Dative | *sěrě | *sěrama | *sěramъ |
Instrumental | *sěrojǫ, *sěrǫ** | *sěrama | *sěrami |
Vocative | *sěro | *sěrě | *sěry |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: сѣра (sěra)
- Belarusian: се́ра (sjéra)
- Russian: се́ра (séra)
- Ukrainian: сі́ра (síra)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: сі́рка (sírka)
- Old East Slavic: сѣра (sěra)
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic: сѣра (sěra)
- Bulgarian: ся́ра (sjára)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: síra
- Czech: síra
- ⇒ Kashubian: sarka
- Old Polish: siara, szara
- Polish: siara
- ⇒ Polish: siarka
- Polish: siara
- Slovak: síra
- ⇒ Slovak: sirka
- Sorbian:
- ⇒ Lower Sorbian: syrik (literary)
- Old Czech: síra
- Non-Slavic:
- → Albanian: serë
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “сера”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress